低压离子色谱法测定水和酸雨样品中的Li~+,Na~+,NH_4~+,K~+,Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)离子

本文介绍了低压离子色谱仪测定水样(井水、湖水、矿泉水、自来水)和酸雨中锂、钠、铵、钙、钾和镁离子的方法、欲测阳离子在阳离子交换柱上被分离,分别用1.4mmol·1~(-1)HNO_3和0.6mmol·1~(-1)乙二胺+1.2mmol·1~(-1)HNO_3溶液作流动相,流速为1.6ml·min~(-1).各离子的流分用电导检测.进样量为10μl时,Li~+,Na~+,NH_4~+,K~+,Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)离子的检出限(2倍噪音比),分别为0.020,0.050,0.100,0.250,2.5和1.0μg·ml~(-1).     

1420Al-Li合金超塑特性及微成形

采用最大载荷法研究了 14 2 0Al Li合金的超塑特性 ,根据试验获得的超塑特性参数 ,采用两种形式的模具对 14 2 0Al Li合金的微成形性进行了研究。分析了成形压力、保压时间对微成形的影响 ,采用扫描电镜和金相显微镜分析了成形件的微观形貌 ,更好地理解了材料在微成形时的行为。     

1420铝锂合金模锻件锻造工艺的研究

利用高温变形实验 ,研究了 14 2 0铝锂合金在不同变形条件下的变形行为 ,获得合金的塑性图、变形抗力图、晶粒尺寸 变形程度关系图 ,确定出合金的锻造工艺参数 :锻造温度为 35 0～4 2 0℃ ,临界变形程度为 8%～ 10 % ,变形速率以低速为宜。结合实际情况 ,制定出合理的、经济的14 2 0铝锂合金模锻件成形工艺 ,即 6 0 0 0t水压机上多方锻开坯→车成锥体→ 80 0 0t卧式挤压机上终压模成形。生产出的 14 2 0合金模锻件尺寸精度高 ,综合性能优良。     

伊犁州直属县市生态环境质量现状及动态研究

以伊犁哈萨克自治州各县市为研究单元,运用生态综合指数法对生态环境状况进行评价,初步判定出各县市的生态环境等级并对比分析“十五”末与“十一五”末生态环境质量的变化。结果显示,伊犁州平均生态环境质量总体处于良水平,各县市生态环境质量以优和良为主。与“十五”相比,全州生态环境质量保持稳定,无明显变化。局部县（市）的△EI略微增大,环境质量有所改善。     

达里诺尔国家级自然保护区生态环境现状调查以及综合管理对策分析

对达里诺尔国家级自然保护区进行了地境划分,在不同的地境内进行植被调查,发现植物种类有减少的趋势、草地严重退化。基于对社区经济状况的调查,原因为当地的居民以畜牧业为主要生产方式,过分的依赖草地,对草场无节制的利用导致草地的严重退化。基于上述情况,对达里诺尔国家级自然保护区的可持续发展提出了建立社区共管机制、控制牲口数量、实施休牧和禁牧措施、积极开辟替代性生计来源、分区管理、提高人工恢复植被的效果等管理对策。     

Ge(Li)γ谱仪在核事故应急监测中的应用

本文应用Ge(Li)γ谱仪,研究快速测定环境样品中γ放射性核素的方法。由大面积沉降物的γ能谱判断其受核污染的情况;制备标准源γ射线能量与探测效率曲线,计算环境样品中γ放射性核素的含量。     

Fire Tests on E-vehicle Battery Cells and Packs

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of abuse conditions, including realistic crash scenarios, on Li ion battery systems in E-vehicles in order to develop safe practices and priorities when responding to accidents involving E-vehicles.

Method: External fire tests using a single burning item equipment were performed on commercial Li ion battery cells and battery packs for electric vehicle (E-vehicle) application. The 2 most common battery cell technologies were tested: Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and mixed transition metal oxide (lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, NMC) cathodes against graphite anodes, respectively. The cell types investigated were “pouch” cells, with similar physical dimensions, but the NMC cells have double the electric capacity of the LFP cells due to the higher energy density of the NMC chemistry, 7 and 14 Ah, respectively.

Heat release rate (HRR) data and concentrations of toxic gases were acquired by oxygen consumption calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively.

Results: The test results indicate that the state of charge (SOC) affects the HRR as well as the amount of toxic hydrogen fluoride (HF) gas formed during combustion. A larger number of cells increases the amount of HF formed per cell. There are significant differences in response to the fire exposure between the NMC and LFP cells in this study. The LFP cells generate a lot more HF per cell, but the overall reactivity of the NMC cells is higher. However, the total energy released by both batteries during combustion was independent of SOC, which indicates that the electric energy content of the test object contributes to the activation energy of the thermal and heat release process, whereas the chemical energy stored in the materials is the main source of thermal energy in the batteries.

Conclusions: The results imply that it is difficult to draw conclusions about higher order system behavior with respect to HF emissions based on data from tests on single cells or small assemblies of cells. This applies to energy release rates as well. The present data show that mass and shielding effects between cells in multicell assemblies affect the propagation of a thermal event.     

COMPARISON OF TWO PESTICIDE LEACHING INDICES1

ABSTRACT: Agriculture is the leading cause of regional‐scale non‐point source (NPS) pollution in the world today. Indices of pesticide leaching in the vadose zone are well suited for estimating the spatial accumulation and distribution of NPS pollutants in the near surface. In this study the Attenuation Factor (AF) and the Leaching index (Li) are used to assess the near‐surface leaching potential for 32 important agrochemicals for world average agricultural soil properties and recharge rates. The AF and Li indices both require the same input data and appear to work well for nonpolar chemicals. In the effort reported here the AF and Li indices produced similar results for the 32 agrochemicals. Pesticides with high and moderate leaching potential are identified. The AF estimates were more constant than the Li estimates for changes in the compliance depth and recharge rate. The AF index is simpler to use than the Li index and, therefore, is more likely to be employed in the future for screening/ranking agrochemicals relative to regional‐scale NPS ground water vulnerability.     

废旧锂电池的机械化学处理方法与机制

采用机械化学法处理废旧锂电池,选择性地回收金属锂,同时将钴转化为钴铁氧体（CoFe2O4）功能材料,并重点考察了不同供氯体和操作参数对Li回收率和Co转化率的影响。研究发现,共价类的供氯体不适于Li的回收和CoFe2O4的制备,离子类的供氯体具有高的反应活性,不仅可以促进Li的氯化,同时还可以保证Co完整地保留在反应残渣中转化为CoFe2O4。将LiCoO2与Fe粉和NaCl混磨,既可以保证将Li转化为水溶性的盐,又可以在球磨过程中将Co与Fe进行晶格重组,保存在球磨残渣中形成磁性功能材料。确立的最佳操作参数为：m（LiCoO2）：m（Fe）：m（NaCl）为1：2.5：5,球料比50：1,球磨转速600 r·min-1,时间12 h,此时Li回收率达到92%,Co与Fe保留在残渣中转化为CoFe2O4。对产物的晶相组成、形貌和磁性能进行表征发现,所得CoFe2O4结构紧密,具有良好的磁学性能,饱和磁化强度Ms为56.1 emu·g-1,剩余磁化强度Mr为25.8 emu·g-1,矫顽力Hc为1 165.3 Oe。本研究为废旧锂电池的资源化回收提供了一条清洁环保的新途径。     

滇池李居山生态恢复区昆虫多样性调查与分析

对昆明呈贡李居山原磷矿生态恢复区进行了昆虫多样性调查,结果发现,不同生境和植被下的昆虫相不同.无植被的裸地样方昆虫类群最少,数量也最少,自然生长恢复的杂草植被样方昆虫多样性最为丰富.当年植草坡有昆虫4目10科15种,科数占恢复区科总数的31.3%,物种数仅为恢复区总种数的1/4.植草一年的草坡有昆虫10目31科54种,物种数占恢复区总种数的3/4,昆虫相组成与自然生长恢复的杂草山坡更为接近.