珠江河口微表层营养盐和有机物的含量分布特征

采集微表层水，使用自行研制滚轮式取样器，能有效地采集微表层水５０－１００μｍ厚度。调查研究表明，在珠江河口微表层中的营养盐和有机物都有不同程度的富集，其富集系数在１－３左右。测定有机物中ＤＯＣ占重要组成部分，其中ＤＯＣ占ＴＯＣ的７０％左右，Ｃ：Ｎ的比值从微表层到次表层略有提高。     

长江河口夏季营养盐的分布、变化及锋面对营养盐的影响

利用长江河口1988年8月锋面同步调查的营养盐资料，阐述了长江河口夏季营养盐西高东低。南高北低的分布大势中寓有多样的分布势态和复杂的变化特征，进而探明了径流输移是控制长江河口营养盐分布大势的主要因素，而生物过程参与物理，化学等各种过程之中，是致使营养盐分布势态多样，变化复杂的重要原因。最后探讨了锋面营养盐分布，输移的影响。     

贴体边界下潮汐河口热（核）电厂温排放数值计算

为了正确评估潮汐河口热（核）电厂温排放热水回归和对受纳水体的环境影响，河口地区的流场与温度场的数据计算在电厂可行性研究和初步设计阶段十分重要。本文通过特殊式Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ方程转换建立贴体边界系统，在实际计算过程中自然边界与计算边界贴合良好，从而改进了流场与温度场计算精度。通过对某电厂在潮汐河口温排放的数值模拟，取得了令人满意的结果，为电厂水工设计和取排水口工程布置方案提供可靠的依据。     

Nitrogen cycle of a typical Suaeda salsa marsh ecosystem in the Yellow River estuary

The nitrogen (N) biological cycle of the Suaeda salsa marsh ecosystem in the Yellow River estuary was studied during 2008 to 2009. Results showed that soil N had significant seasonal fluctuations and vertical distribution. The N/P ratio (15.73±1.77) of S. salsa was less than 16, indicating that plant growth was limited by both N and P. The N absorption coefficient of S. salsa was very low (0.007), while the N utilization and cycle coefficients were high (0.824 and 0.331, respectively). The N turnover among compartments of S. salsa marsh showed that N uptake from aboveground parts and roots were 2.539 and 0.622 g/m2, respectively. The N translocation from aboveground parts to roots and from roots to soil were 2.042 and 0.076 g/m2, respectively. The N translocation from aboveground living bodies to litter was 0.497 g/m2, the annual N return from litter to soil was far less than 0.368 g/m2, and the net N mineralization in topsoil during the growing season was 0.033 g/m2. N was an important limiting factor in S. salsa marsh, and the ecosystem was classified as unstable and vulnerable. S. salsa was seemingly well adapted to the low-nutrient status and vulnerable habitat, and the nutrient enrichment due to N import from the Yellow River estuary would be a potential threat to the S. salsa marsh. Excessive nutrient loading might favor invasive species and induce severe long-term degradation of the ecosystem if human intervention measures were not taken. The N quantitative relationships determined in our study might provide a scientific basis for the establishment of effective measures.     

2011年世界湿地日主题:湿地与森林

湿地与森林、海洋并称全球三大生态系统,包括沼泽、泥炭地、湿草甸、湖泊、河流、滞蓄洪区、河口三角洲、滩涂、水库、池塘、水稻田以及低潮时水深不超过6米的海域地带     

长江河口硅和磷生源要素质量浓度的变化特征

根据近年来长江河口区域内大通水文站的记录和近期在长江入海河口区上海段多个采样点的生源要素质量浓度实测数据,比较水中可溶性硅酸盐和磷酸盐的质量浓度,分析在长江入海河口区水中硅和磷元素含量的主要变化特征.结果表明,长江水中的硅酸盐和磷酸盐从长江入海河口进入大海的过程中,其质量浓度有降低的趋势,它们在长江入海河口的多年的质量浓度变化趋势是相反的.长江入海河口区域上游的磷酸盐质量浓度升高幅度较大,而硅酸盐变化不大,硅酸盐、磷酸盐质量浓度在长江河口区进入海洋的过程中迅速降低.      

环渤海湾诸河口水质现状的分析

根据对环渤海湾诸河口实地采集的12个水样进行的重金属、砷、总氮和总磷含量分析，发现环渤海湾诸河口水污染严重，多超过地表水V类标准，主要污染物质为Hg、N和P，其他污染物含量均在地表水H类标准以内。其中海河口处的Hg含量在20年间增加了10倍左右。诸河口水体中N和P含量均达到水体富营养化危险负荷，可见陆源污染是渤海湾富营养化日趋严重、赤潮日趋增多的主要原因。     

河口切变锋引起的滩槽泥沙交换效应

切变锋是河口湾锋系中最为常见和最易观察到的锋面类型。本文对长江口的切变锋进行现场观察和滩，槽同步水文资料分析，简述了长江口切变锋发生的部分和基本特性，提出了切变锋引起的滩，槽泥沙呈现螺旋形交换形式等论点。