BPA暴露对本体和子代胰岛β细胞转录组差异对比分析

双酚A(BPA)作为一种典型的环境内分泌干扰物,与二型糖尿病和肥胖症等代谢类疾病密切相关.在这项研究中,旨在探讨BPA直接暴露以及围产期暴露对本体和子代胰岛β细胞影响的差异,从而实现对不同易感人群的精准预防与治疗.通过对GEO数据库中GSE126297和GSE82175两个数据集进行分析,共筛选出108个共有的差异基因...     

Prenatal diagnosis of β-thalassaemia in Mediterranean populations by dot blot analysis with DNA amplification and allele specific oligonucleotide probes

In this study, we describe a simple strategy to detect β-thalassaemia mutations in prospective parents and to make prenatal diagnosis in pregnancies at risk in the Mediterranean population. Screening of prospective parents is carried out by dot blot analysis on enzymatically amplified DNA with a set of oligonucleotide probes complementary to the most common mutations in this population. Prenatal diagnosis is accomplished by the same procedure on enzymatically amplified amniocyte or trophoblast DNA. The main advantages of this procedure are the simplicity, sensitivity (0.05 μg of DNA), and rapidity (12–24 h). Further simplification is obtained by amplification of the DNA from crude amniotic cell lysate. The very low amount of fetal material necessary for this analysis eliminates the need to culture amniotic fluid cells and may decrease the fetal loss rate associated with trophoblast sampling. The number of specific DNA sequences obtained by the amplification procedure allowed us to use non-radioactive labelled oligonucleotide probes, which have several advantages compared to radioactive probes.     

The association between alpha-fetoprotein and βhcg levels prior to and following chorionic villus sampling in cases that spontaneously miscarried

Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (βhCG) measurements taken prior to chorionic villus sampling (CVS) in 21 patients who subsequently miscarried were compared with measurements in a control group of 113 patients with uneventful pregnancies. Patients with AFP levels of 10 iu/ml or more prior to the CVS had a 4·3 times greater risk of miscarriage (95 per cent confidence interval 1·3–13·6). AFP levels obtained 1 week after the CVS in the 13 patients with late miscarriages were higher than in the control group (P = 0·06). Patients miscarrying had a greater rise in AFP (P = 0·06) and a greater fall in βhCG levels (P = 0·04) following the CVS procedure, compared with the control subjects. Each 10-unit change in the difference between AFP or βhCG levels prior to and 1 week following the CVS was associated with a significantly increased risk for late miscarriage. Elevated maternal serum AFP levels early in pregnancy and changes in AFP and βhCG levels following CVS may predict an increased risk for subsequent miscarriage.     

β-In2S3的制备及其太阳光下降解土霉素

利用水热反应法制备β-In2S3纳米颗粒光催化剂,并利用SEM、TEM和XRD等对其进行分析表征;采用土霉素溶液模拟四环素类抗生素废水,探讨In2S3对土霉素的降解效果.结果表明,β-In2S3为立方相纳米颗粒结构,该纳米颗粒由纳米片组成,直径约15~30 nm.以太阳光为辐射光源,In2S3对土霉素具有良好的光催化降解效果,在4 h内对初始浓度为30 mg·L-1的土霉素降解率可达98%以上.降解土霉素后的催化剂在无水乙醇中清洗并烘干,经4次循环利用后,β-In2S3的降解能力仍能达到85%以上,表明β-In2S3光催化剂具有良好的稳定性以及光催化活性.     

污灌与镉胁迫对菠菜几种抗氧化酶活性的影响（Effects of Sewage Irrigation and Cadmium Stresses on the Activities of Several Antioxidant Enzymes of Spinach）

为了探讨污水灌溉与镉胁迫对菠菜抗氧化酶活性的影响,采用盆栽试验的方法,分别用清水和生活污水配制不同浓度(0、1、5、10、50mg·L-1)的Cd2+溶液,对菠菜进行受试处理,每5d灌喷1次,共处理5次.分别采用邻苯二酚比色法、L-苯丙氨酸比色法、水杨酸比色法和高锰酸钾滴定法,对菠菜叶片多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、β-1,3葡聚糖酶(β-1,3glucanase)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性进行了测定.结果表明:1)清水处理系列:随着镉处理浓度的增大,与清水对照相比,PPO、PAL活性呈先升高后降低的趋势,CAT活性略有升高,β-1,3葡聚糖酶活性略有降低,各暴露组与清水对照组相比,均呈现显著差异(p<0.05).2)污水处理系列:随着镉处理浓度的增大,与污水对照相比,PPO、PAL活性呈先升高后降低的趋势,CAT和β-1,3葡聚糖酶活性呈逐渐降低趋势;各暴露组与污水对照相比,均呈现显著差异(p<0.05).3)相同Cd2+浓度下,与清水处理相比,各浓度污水处理PAL和PPO活性均明显降低(p<0.05);而β-1,3葡聚糖酶明显升高(p<0.05).以上结果显示:单一镉污染和生活污水与镉复合污染对菠菜不同抗氧化系统酶具有不同影响,这可能与污水中各成分与镉的相互作用有关.     

Effect of different pearling times on the quality of hull-less barley rice北大核心CSCD

Hull-less barley is a special food crop rich in various nutrients in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Six-pearling is often used to produce commercial hull-less barley rice in order to improve its rough taste and inferior cooking quality. This study evaluated the differences in the nutritional, cooking, sensory, and storage qualities of hull-less barley rice with different pearling times to obtain suitable processing conditions for the production of high-quality hull-less barley rice. With increasing pearling time, the contents of vitamin B6, vitamin E, dietary fiber, iron, zinc, phenols, and flavonoids significantly decreased to a large extent, protein and vitamin B3 decreased slightly, the contents of total starch and β-glucan increased significantly, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) initially increased and then decreased. The peak, trough, and final viscosity of whole grain barley were 1 860.50 cP, 914.50 cP, and 2 150.00 cP, respectively, and increased after six-pearling to 4 219.00 cP, 2 628.00 cP, and 5 074.00 cP, respectively. At the same time, the water absorption and volume expansion of the pearled hull-less barley increased significantly. The hardness of pearled hull-less barley reduced from 4 708.50 g to 2 282.00 g, its adhesiveness increased from 0.00 to -7.33, and its taste and sensory quality exhibited better. The activities of α-amylase, polyphenol oxidase, lipase, and catalase in pearled hull-less barley slightly decreased. Hull-less bran flour is rich in a variety of nutritional components and could be a potential resource with great developmental value. In general, hull-less barley rice obtained from three-pearling has high nutritional value, high cooking quality, low enzyme activity, and low energy consumption; therefore, it can be used to produce high-quality barley rice. This study provides important information for high-quality pearled hull-less barley and further utilization of barley bran flour. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

β-环糊精微球吸附对苯二酚单甲基醚的动力学研究

研究了以β-环糊精(β-CD)和环氧氯丙烷为原料,采用反相悬浮聚合法合成的β-CD微球对对苯二酚单甲基醚( HQMME)的静态吸附行为,分析了吸附热力学性质和动力学特征.实验结果表明:β-CD微球对HQMME的吸附过程同时符合Lagergren一级吸附动力学方程和McKay二级吸附动力学方程;β-CD微球对HQMME的吸附等温线可同时用Langmuir等温吸附方程和Freundlich等温吸附方程描述;在不同温度下,β-CD微球吸附HQMME的吸附焓变、吸附熵变、吸附吉布斯自由能变均为负值,说明吸附是一个自发、放热的过程.     

树脂负载α-FeOOH异相光Fenton降解水中己烷雌酚

以Amberlite200树脂为载体,在Fe(NO3)3-HNO3体系中恒温水解制备了负载型催化剂α-FeOOH/Resin,以己烷雌酚(HEX)为目标化合物,研究了α-FeOOH/Resin的异相Fenton催化性能.结果表明,α-FeOOH/Resin异相Fenton反应能够有效降解水中的HEX,紫外光和H2O2的协同作用很大程度地提高了降解效率;pH值的降低或初始H2O2浓度的提高,均能增加HEX的降解速率;在中性条件下,HEX的光Fenton降解过程中,溶出的铁元素对降解贡献不大,异相Fenton反应起主导作用;催化剂重复使用后仍具有较好的催化活性和机械强度,说明铁在其表面负载牢固,催化剂具有一定的实用性.     

β-环糊精衍生物对甲基对硫磷的增溶洗脱和光降解

研究了3种新型β-环糊精衍生物(谷氨酸-β-环糊精、乙二胺-β-环糊精、羧甲基-β-环糊精)对甲基对硫磷的增溶作用、土壤中甲基对硫磷的洗脱作用以及对甲基对硫磷的光降解作用.研究表明,这三种β-环糊精衍生物都能显著地增加甲基对硫磷在水中的溶解度,并且相对增溶倍数与β-环糊精衍生物的浓度成正相关;120g/L的上述3种β-环糊精衍生物溶液中,甲基对硫磷的溶解度比在纯水中分别提高了117.82倍、80.99倍、47.28倍;β-环糊精衍生物能有效洗脱去除土壤中的甲基对硫磷,其中120g/L的谷氨酸-β-环糊精溶液的累积去除率最高,达103.9%,洗脱液浓度是影响洗脱去除率的主要因素;β-环糊精衍生物能促进甲基对硫磷的光降解,在3g/L的谷氨酸-β-环糊精、乙二胺-β-环糊精、羧甲基-β-环糊精溶液中甲基对硫磷光解速率分别为80.26%、91.53%、76.39%。     

17β-雌二醇在水体中的分布水平及去除方法研究现状

17β-雌二醇(E2)是一种常见的天然雌激素,普遍存在于各类水体环境,在水环境分布水平已经达到干扰鱼类内分泌系统的水平,被认为是作用最强烈、最具潜在影响的环境内分泌干扰物之一。文章重点介绍了17β-雌二醇在水体环境中的分布水平及去除方法,指出由于传统的污水处理工艺和净水工艺无法将其完全去除,增加深度处理工序已经迫在眉睫。针对E2的特点,现有水处理工艺宜增加能够生成强氧化剂.OH的工序。