Valorisation of waste fractions from autohydrolysis of selected lignocellulosic materials

Non‐isothermal processing of lignocellulosic materials in aqueous media (autohydrolysis reaction) under mild conditions leads to solutions containing valuable chemicals (oligosaccharides, sugars and acetic acid) and other, undesired, compounds (belonging to the extractive and acid‐soluble lignin fractions) which have to be removed in further purification treatments. Liquors obtained by non‐isothermal autohydrolysis of Eucalyptus globulus wood and corncobs under a variety of operational conditions were extracted with ethyl acetate in order to remove non‐saccharide components, and the suitability of the fraction dissolved in the organic phase was assayed for possible utilisation as an antioxidant. The yield and antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate extracts (measured by the α,α‐diphenyl‐β‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity) showed a strong dependence on the autohydrolysis conditions. The antioxidant activity of extracts obtained under selected operational conditions compared well with synthetic antioxidants. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

网络安全中的防火墙技术

介绍了防火墙的原理、分类及其应用     

几种重要的有机氯系阻燃剂

介绍了氯化石蜡、氯化聚乙烯、四氯邻苯二甲酸酐、四氯双酚A、六氯环戊二烯 及由六氯环戊二烯衍生的几种氯系阻燃剂的生产过程和用途。     

电站锅炉制粉系统的爆炸原因与防范对策

火力发电厂制粉系统爆炸事故时有发生 ,重大设备损坏 ,造成了严重的经济损失。本文通过分析研究 ,找出制粉系统爆炸的原因 ,从措施上、煤的质量控制上及制粉系统结构改造上提出了防范的对策。     

中国火灾与社会经济因素的关系

对中国的火灾统计数据与社会经济数据之间的关系进行了研究，发现中国火灾与社会经济因素的关系和国外相反:中国的火灾形势在经济越发达的地方越严重，并且随着经济的发展更趋严重。讨论了火灾与经济水平及教育水平的关系，提出了火灾和经济的更为全面的关系，即随着经济的发展，火灾形势是先严重后趋缓和。根据所讨论的结果对中国未来一段时期的火灾情况做出了一些预测。     

Sprinklered office fire tests

This paper presents data relating to the performance of sprinklers and detectors in real office fire situations. For sprinklers, these data are additional to that associated with the standardized testing used to determine the design delivery density and pressure requirements for various occupancy situations, and provide a useful insight into the effect of sprinklers on developing fires with various office situations. The data given in this paper include the times for activation of various types of sprinkler heads (normal and fast response), the efficacy of the systems as far as extinguishment is concerned, estimates of the maximum size of the fires prior to commencement of extinguishment and associated air temperatures at various locations within the office enclosures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparison of copper emission rates from wood treated with different preservatives to the environment

This study describes a laboratory method for the estimation of emission from preservative-treated wood in the different situations where emissions could enter the environment for use classes 3 (not in contact with ground) and 4 and 5 (in contact with the ground, fresh water or sea water) according to OECD Guidelines. Samples of scotch pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) were treated with CCA (1% and 2%), ACQ-1900 (3% and 7%), ACQ-2200 (2%), Tanalith E 3491 (2% and 2.8%), and Wolmanit CX-8 (2%).     

钠冷快堆中喷雾钠火的计算分析

根据钠冷快堆中喷雾钠火的特点建立了理论模型，编制了SSPRAY程序。该程序模拟钠喷雾燃料过程中钠滴的运动、钠和氧气的燃烧反应、热量传递和质量传递等瞬态过程。用该程序计算了气体和墙壁温度、气体压力、氧气摩尔份额、喷雾流燃烧速率和热量热递速率等主要参数。利用AI实验数据和美国SPRAY－3A的计算结果对程序进行了验证，结果符合较好。     

引黄五座泵站火灾自动报警及联动控制系统

介绍了引黄工程五座泵站的火灾自动报警系统的组成及功能，对泵站的火灾探测系统、报警系统、联动控制系统、灭火系统、控制台等原理进行了详细说明，供同行参考借鉴。