溶胶-凝胶生物玻璃多孔材料显微结构和生物活性的扫描电镜及红外光谱分析

本文利用溶胶．凝胶法制备了CaO-P2O5-SiO，系统生物活性玻璃，并以其为原料制备了用于骨修复及骨组织工程支架的块状生物活性材料。利用体外实验方法(invitro)结合x射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅立叶变换红外光谱分析(FTIR)技术对不同烧结工艺制备的材料结构、晶相和生物活性的影响进行了分析研究。研究表明，经800℃和1100℃烧结5min的两种材料均有硅磷酸钙Ca5(PO4)2SjO4微晶相析出。烧结温度越高，析出微晶相的体积比例越大，材料的生物活性则越低。在模拟生理溶液中碳酸羟基磷灰石(HCA)只在烧结体中的玻璃颗粒表面形成，而在其硅磷酸钙Ca5(PO4)2SiO4微晶相表面未发现HCA形成。     

应用磷灰石裂变径迹研究大民屯凹陷的古地温

为深刻认识辽河盆地古地温特征，利用裂变径迹分析方法，对大民屯凹陷钻井岩心中19块磷灰石样品的裂变径迹年龄和长度做了测试。结果表明，随井深增加，径迹年龄和平均径迹长度有减少、变短的显著趋势，ES3^4地层磷灰石裂变径迹表观年龄比地层年龄年轻得多，说明沉积后曾长时间处于退火带中，退火带古地温为74～130℃，有效加热时间为4l～45Ma，2300～4000m深度地层处于退火过渡带。将径迹长度分布特征与地史、热史模拟结果相结合，认为该区在ES4段末经历一次短时间迅速增温后，ES3^1亚段存在一个区域抬升降温的热事件过程，其后地层稳定下降，沉降幅度小、沉积物较薄，温度增加缓慢，古地温梯度高于今地温梯度，对生、排烃较为有利。     

HA—微孔钛基涂层种植体的复合强度

研究了羟基磷灰石(HA)和中性玻璃(G)的混合涂料在TC4多孔钛基体上的界面复合强度。探讨了中性玻璃含量、基体表面状态以及烧结工艺对这种涂层复合种植体的复合强度的影响。指出:复合的实质是中性玻璃与基体的润湿结合,最合适的玻璃含量为50 wt%,提高复合强度的关键,在于基体表面的TiN蒸镀处理,当TiN厚度为2～3 μm时,复合强度可达7.2 MPa。最佳烧结工艺为:900～950℃/30 min。     

Bioavailability of particle‐associated nutrients as affected by internal regeneration processes in the Nyanza Gulf region of Lake Victoria

Land‐use changes have been implicated a lot in the eutrophication of many lakes while forgetting the role of internal loading as influenced by the hydrological regimes of a given lake. The phosphorus loading of Nyanza Gulf is influenced both by internal and external loading with the internal loading playing a greater role in its eutrophication. The shear on the Apatite Phosphorus (AP) rich residual rock in the western end of the gulf through strong currents across the Rusinga Channel erodes the rock into non‐apatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP) which is readily available for primary productivity. The current suspends the phosphorus rich apatite sediment together with the reserved phosphorus within sediments to the water column. The NAIP concentration on the western end of the gulf is exceptionally high, >1500 mg kg^?1, and together with the hydrological forcing; is believed to be the driving force of Nyanza Gulf eutrophication. External loading through rivers and municipal discharges exacerbates the problem. The external loading mainly influences the inner gulf on the eastern shore while the internal loading affects mainly the western end of the gulf. Nyanza Gulf eutrophication can be managed by adopting the following measures: (i) the Mbita Causeway needs to be opened and a bridge erected in its place in order to reduce the strong current through the Rusinga Channel and the residence time within the gulf, by increasing the flushing rates; (ii) the farming communities within the basin need to be sensitized on the controlled use of fertilizers; (iii) the municipal wastes should be treated to tertiary level before discharge into the lake; and (iv) reduce erosion within the basin through re/afforestation.     

钛及钛合金仿生表面改性研究进展

钛及钛合金具有较好的生物相容性及优良的机械性能，在临床上得到了越来越广泛的应用。表面生物活性化能够进一步改善其表面性能，提高表面生物活性。本文对钛及其合金的仿生表面改性进行了综述，具体介绍了化学法、促形核剂法、自组装单分子法的活化机理，并对仿生表面改性的发展方向进行了探讨。     

磷灰石型催化剂的合成及其催化性能研究

采用水热法制备了羟基磷灰石(HAp),用离子交换法将Cl、Cu2+先后交换到磷灰石上制得氯磷灰石ClAp和Cu(Ⅱ)ClAp,用NaOH和水合肼将Cu(Ⅱ)ClAp还原为Cu(Ⅰ)ClAp,利用XRD、IR、XPS和原子吸收等方法对催化剂进行了表征.将制得的催化剂Cu(Ⅰ)ClAp首次应用于甲醇液相氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯的反应中,考察了Cu(Ⅱ)ClAp制备温度,NaOH和水合肼用量对催化剂性能的影响.在反应中,由于Cl是通过固态离子交换法代替了HAp结构中的OH,Cu+取代了磷灰石晶格中的部分Ca2+,在反应的过程中Cl与Cu+不易脱落,减少了催化剂对设备的腐蚀性,且作为多相催化剂,易于回收利用.     

微孔致孔剂对钙磷陶瓷表面类骨磷灰石形成的研究

钙磷陶瓷表面类骨磷灰石层的形成对瓷诱导新骨生成起非常重要的作用. 本文利用体外模拟装置首次研究了微孔致孔剂对新工艺制备的含CO₃^2-的双相HA/β-TCP多孔陶瓷表面类?骨磷灰石形成的影响. 结果表明, 该陶瓷因CO₃^2-的掺入, 导致类骨磷灰石晶体的形成时间大大缩短(从14天缩短至6天). 此外还有缺钙羟基磷灰石晶体?的生成. 并且微孔致孔剂以聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)优于硬脂酸(SA)粉末, 它更有?利于类骨磷灰石的形成. 在同时加入PVB作微孔致孔剂时, 类骨磷灰石晶体的形成情况随PVB加入量的增大而越来越好. 综合其相关性能来看, PVB的加入量以m_钙磷粉:m _致孔剂=1:0.3为宜. 微孔致孔剂的优化有利于该陶瓷材料骨诱导性的提高.     

预钙化加速类骨磷灰石在镍钛合金表面生长的电化学阻抗谱

通过酸碱处理活化NiTi合金表面,在模拟体液中仿生生长类骨磷灰石层以改善其生物相容性.采用电化学阻抗谱研究了预钙化对加速磷灰石沉积的影响,并基于双层模型建立了电子等效电路.结果表明:随着在模拟体液中浸泡时间的延长,化学处理的NiTi合金表面类骨磷灰石不断生长,并且添加预钙化试样浸泡3 d,即可在合金表面生长出均匀完整的类骨磷灰石层,而未预钙化试样表面沉积物稀少.对应电子等效电路中,预钙化试样电阻值明显大于未预钙化试样的,显示预钙化促进了活化NiTi合金表面类骨磷灰石的生长.     

Spherulitic Growth of Apatite in a MgO─CaO─SiO2─P2O5 Glass

Differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the crystallization of a glass with a composition of 11.2 wt% MgO, 40.5 wt% CaO, 33.3 wt% SiO₂, and 15 wt% P₂O₅. A two-phase "composite," which was composed of apatite and an intermediate phase (H-phase), was formed under appropriate heat-treatment conditions. The spherulitic morphology of apatite phase transformed from "open sheaf" into ellipsoidal as samples were heated to a higher temperature. These phenomena were due to the intermediate H-phase becoming unstable at this temperature so that the retardation effect on the apatite dendritic growth disappeared.