Fifty Years On: Brown v. Board of Education and American Psychology, 1954-2004 An Introduction.

Introduces the current issue of the American Psychologist, which examines the ramifications of the Brown vs. Board of Education decision and its sequelae over the last 50 years, with a special focus on the mixed role of psychological research and practice. Despite the great strides toward a more just society since May 17, 1954, inequities remain in schooling, in social relations, and in economic opportunity. How will history judge American psychology 50 years from now vis-a-vis the possibilities it helped create via Brown? The articles in this special issue suggest several important directions of research and action our field will need to take if the verdict of history is to be a positive one. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Ethical issues concerning expert systems' applications in education

This article traces the connection between expert systems used as consultants in medicine and their design for instructional purposes in education. It is suggested that there are important differences between these applications. Recognizing these differences leads to the view that the development of intelligent computer-assisted instructions (ICAI) should be guided by empirical research into social/psychological consequences and by ethical inquiries into the acceptability of those consequences. Three proposals are put forward: (1) that the pedagogical role of intelligent CAI be clarified, (2) that forms of intelligent CAI be developed that aim primarily at refining rather than replacing human judgements, and (3) that ICAI research and development projects contain components which address ethical and social/psychological components and which are equitably-funded, integral parts of the overall development effort.This work was supported in part by funds from the Foundation of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte and from the State of North Carolina. An earlier version of this paper was read at the Human Dimension in Artificial Intelligence Symposium held at the University of Kentucky (April 1988).     

Learning Organizations in Construction

The transformation of organizations from production-oriented entities to proactive learning entities that continuously leverage the knowledge of the workforce is a primary objective of management researchers. This focus has significant relevance to the construction industry where production-related research has predominantly overshadowed organizational development research. As one effort to change this emphasis, the writers present a research effort designed to study current organization learning techniques and technologies fielded by organizations both inside and outside of the construction industry. Through a series of exploratory case studies, the writers developed a maturity model together with the Construction Industry Institute that provides construction organizations with a framework for developing a learning organization culture. The maturity model focuses on learning organization characteristics of leadership, processes and infrastructure, communication/collaboration, education, and culture at the organization, community, and individual levels. This paper introduces the results of that effort including a presentation of the learning organization maturity model, framework application, and the overall characteristics of a learning organization.     

Handwriting versus wordprocessed print: an investigation into teachers' grading of English Language and Literature essay work at 16 +

Abstract Selections of English Language and Literature CSE (now GCSE) course work essays are graded by a total of 411 teachers in two forms: handwritten and wordprocessed. Mistakes in the original handwritten versions are not edited out. It is found that the wordprocessed English Language essays are, on average, marked up a grade. However, it is found that relatively high quality English Literature work is not affected. Results suggest:
— that the less directly pupil work is specifically related to an external referent (such as a work of literature), the more likely it is that computer-assisted methods of presentation will significantly enhance its apparent quality relative to handwritten work.
— that relatively lower quality work will tend to be enhanced more than relatively higher quality work.
The implications of the results for examination boards are also considered.     

The new organisation of work: Building coalitions

This article introduces the theme of the special issue, linking current concerns in European social and industrial relations policy with the research traditions covered byAI & Society. Human centredness, skill and technology, and the central importance of education and learning are emphasised as we build new development coalitions.     

论老年教育的地位、作用和发展方向

老年教育在社会中具有重要的地位和作用。它是终身教育的重要组成部分,是社会发展的客观需要,是解决老龄问题的重要途径和方法。探讨了随着社会经济的发展和老龄化社会进程的加快,在21世纪老年教育的发展方向。     

提高地方院校信管专业学生实践能力的途径研究

为了提高地方院校信管专业的竞争能力,将实践能力和地方性特色培养融入到学校教育中,成为了现在地方院校信息管理与信息系统专业教育的重中之重。论文首先强调了信管专业学生实践能力培养的重要性。然后通过调查比较找出目前各地方院校信管专业实践教育体系存在的不足之处。最后以南通大学为例具体研究提高南通大学信管专业学生实践能力的途径。     

项目式教学在职业教育中对学生承诺的考核方法的研究

在中职、高职类院校,项目式教学正在被推广,在项目式教学模式下,我们把实际的企业项目带到课堂,同时,我们也希望借鉴有益的企业对员工的评价方法。基于此,提出在原有的项目式评价学生体系下,增加对学生承诺的考核方法,并给出切实可操作的研究方案。增加对学生承诺的考核旨在充分发掘学生的潜能,对超出学生承诺的专业能力的成绩给予鼓励。     

以实例为切入点的高职物联网应用技术专业教育第一课

物联网技术发展迅速,但高职物联网应用技术专业教育尚处于初期,因而科学、直观、紧扣实际、有效激发学生专业学习的第一课尤为重要。以物联网应用技术实例为专业教育切入点,采用阶梯式递进的方法带领学生走进物联网,感知物联网,从而充分调动学生专业学习积极性,更好地让学生了解专业人才定位,明确学习目标和就业方向,为整个物联网应用技术专业教育打下坚实基础。