沙漠地区公路建设中稳定沙基层结合料的选择

对水泥稳定沙、工业废渣稳定沙、固化剂稳定沙的温缩性能、干缩性能进行了试验对比,得出水泥稳定沙干缩性能在无机结合料中最优,固化剂（CL）加固沙的干缩性能较无机结合料和奥特赛特（AUGHT-SET）加固沙更优的结果,并提出了沙漠地区公路基层稳定沙结合料的选择建议。     

沥青路面结构行为方程中材料影响系数的确定方法

沥青路面的结构行为方程为基于性能的沥青路面结构设计方法奠定了良好的理论基础,但先前的研究仅较好地考虑了荷载、环境和结构等因素对沥青路面使用性能的影响,而对材料因素的影响考虑得较为粗略。鉴于材料影响的复杂性,论文从较为宏观的角度通过改性沥青和普通沥青结构行为方程和现场疲劳方程的建立给出改性沥青影响系数与改性-普通沥青寿命比值的关系,从而利用此关系以及通过试验获得的改性沥青和普通沥青混凝土的疲劳方程即可确定结构行为方程中的材料影响系数。     

考虑老化的沥青结合料低温感温性指标

为了验证不同老化程度沥青结合料的针入度指数IP、当量脆点T1.2与SHRP低温弯曲梁流变指标间的关系,选取3种常用重交基质沥青进行薄膜烘箱试验和不同时长的压力老化容器老化,测定不同老化程度沥青在不同较高温度的针入度,得到针入度温度指数AlgP、K、IP和T1.2;测定不同较低温度60 s时的弯曲梁流变指标S、m,得到低温蠕变温度指数AlgS和Am。通过试验得出:随着老化程度的增加,沥青的感温性降低,温度稳定性增加,T1.2呈升高趋势;对不同老化程度的沥青而言,其较高温度下的针入度温度指标AlgP、K与较低温度下的低温蠕变温度指标AlgS、KlgS、Am、Km之间具有较好的相关性;中国“八五”攻关专题中建议的沥青低温性能评价指标IP和T1.2与SHRP建议的低温性能评价指标S和m之间具有较好的相关性。     

硬质沥青富油混合料路用性能研究

借鉴Superpave设计方法,采用富油的设计理念,设计了50#硬质沥青富油混合料.分别对常规设计和富油设计的50#硬质沥青混合料和70#沥青混合料研究,进行了大量的室内试验,全面比较了4种沥青混合料的路用性能,特别对疲劳性能进行重点分析.结果表明:采用富油的设计理念后,同一级配混合料的疲劳性能得到很大的提高.50#富油混合料与70#沥青混合料相比,高温性能基本持平,低温性能和水稳定性更好,疲劳性能有了较大的提高.由此说明50#富油混合料完全可以替代70#沥青混合料作为半刚性基层沥青路面的下面层.使用该种混合料,可以减缓半刚性基层的反射裂缝,提高路面的抗疲劳性能,从而延长路面的使用寿命.     

ZIGLER岩沥青改性沥青混合料的性能研究

岩沥青常被用作为沥青路面的添加剂,已在国内外一些工程中得到应用。本研究用韩国SK基质沥青和台湾CPC基质沥青分别对不同掺量岩沥青胶结料性能进行了比较分析。采用AC-25沥青混合料,基质沥青为韩国SK-70号沥青,分别对不同掺量岩沥青改性沥青混合料性能进行了比较分析,推荐了岩沥青的适宜掺量。     

沥青结合料紫外老化机理

为了解决现有沥青结合料路用性能评价体系中,未考虑紫外线辐射对沥青的加速老化作用问题,对热老化和紫外老化后的5种沥青进行了对比试验、DSR和BBR试验以及红外光谱分析.试验结果表明:沥青对热老化和紫外线辐射的敏感度不同,2种老化后三大指标的排序并不一致;紫外老化和热老化对沥青的影响不相同,紫外老化后沥青的流变特性变化更为显著;沥青抗紫外老化性能不同的内在原因是老化反应程度不同,胶质和芳香分是影响沥青紫外老化的主要因素.因此,沥青的热老化评价结果不能反映其抗紫外老化性能的高低,在紫外线辐射强烈的西部地区开展紫外老化研究具有重要意义.     

沥青结合料与混合料动力性质的关系

路面沥青材料包括沥青结合料和沥青混合料，是粘弹性材料，其动力性质，即复模量和相位角，是理解路面在交通荷载作用下反应的基础。本文通过探讨沥青结合料与混合料动力性质的关系，发现沥青混合料的复模量和相位角可以分别表示为沥青结合料复模量和相位角的函数，复模量的关系可用一般化的幂函数表示、相位角的关系可用改良的半正矢函数表示。与现有方法相比，这两个函数不仅反映了在剪切加荷条件下结合料作为粘弹性液体、混合料作为粘弹性固体的本质区别，而且完善了沥青结合料与混合料动力性质关系的整体。     

Long-term changes of inorganic nutrients in the Lagoon of Venice (Italy)

The paper aims at investigating the trends of the concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorous in the Lagoon of Venice, Italy, in the last 35 years. The trend analysis of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and reactive phosphorus (RP) yielded rather different results. The decrease in ammonia nitrogen concentration, in particular, in the basin influenced by severe industrial discharges, is accurately described by a negative exponential model. The nitrate concentration did not show significant interannual trends, while wide seasonal variations have been detected. Reactive phosphorus concentration increased until the end of the 1970s at the stations close to the industrial area as well as in those influenced by river discharges and by sewages of the city of Venice. The sudden decrease that followed was most likely related with environmental policies, namely the improvement of wastewater purification treatments and the regulation of phosphorus use in detergents.     

Inorganic carbon fluxes through the boundaries of the Greenland Sea Basin based on in situ observations and water transport estimates

A carbon budget for the exchange of total dissolved inorganic carbon C_T between the Greenland Sea and the surrounding seas has been constructed for winter and summer situations. An extensive data set of C_T collected over the years 1994–1997 within the European Sub-polar Ocean Programmes (ESOP1 and ESOP2) are used for the budget calculation. Based on these data, mean values of C_T in eight different boxes representing the inflow and outflow of water through the boundaries of the Greenland Sea Basin are estimated. The obtained values are then combined with simulated water transports taken from the ESOP2 version of the Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM). The fluxes of inorganic carbon are presented for three layers; a surface mixed layer, an intermediate layer and a deep layer, and the imbalance in the fluxes are attributed to air–sea exchange, biological fixation of inorganic carbon, and sedimentation. The main influx of carbon is found in the surface and the deep layers in the Fram Strait, and in the surface waters of direct Atlantic origin, whereas the main outflux is found in the surface layer over the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone and the Knipovich Ridge, transporting carbon into the Atlantic Ocean via the Denmark Strait and towards the Arctic Ocean via the Norwegian Sea, respectively. The flux calculation indicates that there is a net transport of carbon out of the Greenland Sea during wintertime. In the absence of biological activity, this imbalance is attributed to air sea exchange, and requires an oceanic uptake of CO₂ of 0.024±0.006 Gt C yr⁻¹. The flux calculations from the summer period are complicated by biological fixation of inorganic carbon, and show that data on organic carbon is required in order to estimate the air–sea exchange in the area.