水利大数据研究综述

为了推动水利大数据的发展及其在水利管理中的应用,对水利大数据相关的研究进行总结和分析,并对未来的研究方向进行展望。在回顾水利大数据的产生背景和发展历程的基础上,界定了水利大数据的概念及内涵;构建了水利大数据的研究框架,并对水利大数据的存储与共享方法、分析平台、挖掘算法、数据可视化和应用等进行了探讨。结合水利大数据研究发展和应用需求,从数据集成方法、分析挖掘算法、数据安全和综合决策分析平台等方面对水利大数据研究领域的发展趋势进行阐述。     

交互式多目标决策新方法及其在水资源系统规划中的应用

在目标满意度和目标总体协调度的基础上构造了一种新的交互式多目标决策方法,运用欧式距离判断来描述目标总体协调度,避免了目标权重人为确定的任意性,且能充分体现决策者的主观愿望,便于实际操作应用.水资源系统规划的多目标决策实例分析表明该方法有效可行.     

基坑支护方案的灰色模糊可变决策模型

针对影响基坑支护方案决策因素所具有的不确定性、模糊性以及影响因素与评价指标间的相互关联性特点,基于灰色理论和模糊数学理论,建立了基坑支护方案的灰色模糊可变决策模型。应用基于贴近度最大的组合赋权方法确定评价指标权重,并用集值统计法对定性指标进行量化,以解决影响模型决策结果准确程度的关键问题。工程实例分析表明,采用该模型更为科学、有效,易于实现程序化。更重要的是,该方法能够提高优选决策的合理性和可信度,为决策者提供有力的参考,具有一定推广和应用价值。     

EVALUATION OF ECOLOGICAL SERVICES OF JILIN PROVINCE, NORTHEAST CHINA

1INTRODUCTIONEcosystem services can be divided into two major cat-egories, one is system function, and the other is sys-tem services and goods provision, which provide not only materials such as food and medicine, but also support and maintenance of whole system. Ecological services contribute to the whole economic system, both directly and indirectly, and consequently repre-sent parts of the total value of our economy system (COSTANZA etal., 1997; GUO etal., 2001). Sustainable d…     

基于IMOP的流域环境-经济系统规划

流域是涵盖众多因素的复杂巨系统,其健康持续的发展需要科学的综合规划。作者采用不确定性多目标规划 (IMOP) 模型来研究这一复杂系统。该模型是传统多目标规划法的一种拓展,它将多种系统组分纳入一个框架综合考虑,较好地协调多个目标,尤其能有效处理系统中的不确定性信息。基于此模型,针对流域环境-经济系统特点,建立了流域环境-经济系统不确定性多目标规划模型 (IMOPWEES)。同时,将模型运用于四川省邛海流域规划,得到2种情景不同阶段下的优化方案,以种植结构、旅游服务业结构、水资源配置、污染物排放、森林扩展及水土流失为例予以结果说明和情景比较。研究表明,IMOPWEES用于流域环境-经济系统规划,具有科学性,实用性和可操作性,其为流域相关研究工作提供了一种有效工具。     

Conflicting goals in fisheries management—A study of the Norwegian cod fisheries

A multi-objective programming model has been applied to investigate conflicting goals of the Norwegian cod fisheries. The goals included in this article are economic rent and employment. Fisheries managers are confronted with the problem of how best to allocate the total allowable catch (TAC) of cod among eight vessel groups. Compromise solutions taking into account both objectives by giving them equal weights in the multi-objective programming model are calculated and discussed. This article is an extension of an earlier article in which the trade-off analysis was performed using data only for North Norway and one particular year. The present analysis includes the entire Norwegian cod fisheries and is carried out using time series data for 2003–2007, examining the annual variations of key economic and technological parameters of the cod fisheries. Based on the results from compromise programming, the article discusses management and policy implications of reallocation of the TAC by vessel groups.     

基于“多规合一”的市级国土空间优化方法——以烟台市为例

针对现阶段各规划边界交叉、空间重叠的问题,本文从提高空间价值、减少空间破碎度和协调各类空间的角度出发,在梳理现有空间优化模型及智能算法的基础上,改进多目标规划模型并适应性改造遗传算法,以此二者构建市级国土空间优化模型。以烟台市为例,设置3种情景为决策者提供方案集进行3类规划主导下的2020年国土空间优化研究,结果显示：①优化后烟台市农业、城镇和生态空间价值分别增加了23.24%、29.27%、6.30%;②不同情景下空间分布合理且较为集中,生态保护情景有利于国土空间集合连片,经济发展情景更适合于多空间协调发展。研究表明：该模型能有效地解决国土空间内容重叠问题,明显提高了国土空间价值,同时优化模型适应性强,为“多规合一”背景下市级国土空间优化提供技术支撑。     

Probabilistic Approach of Coastal Defense Against Typhoon Attacks for Nuclear Power Plant

With the global wanning and sea level rising, it is widely recognized that there is an increasing tendency of typhoon occurrence frequency and intensity. The defenses code against typhoon attacks for nuclear power plant should be calibrated because of the increasing threat of typhoon disaster and severe consequences. This paper discusses the probabilistic approach of definitions about "probable maximum typhoon" and "probable maximum storm surge" in nuclear safety regulations of China and has made some design code calibrations by use of a newly proposed Double Layer Nested Multi-objective Probability Model (DLNMPM).     

Application of ICTs in Airspace Management and Collaborative Decision-Making—Analyzing the Risk Avoidance in the Condition of Risky Weather as an Example

The application of ICTs makes structural change of the development and effective utilization of airspace. Next generation air transportation system (NextGen) includes new automation concepts with automated information to support the traffic control decision-making. As a result, in the field of academia and industry, air traffic controllers integrate information automatically while making decisions to change the previous manually integrated and decided pattern. The safety ability of airspace is reduced and airspace system is endangered under risky weather conditions of airspace. So there is an urgent demand for new information and communication technologies. The paper is an overview of the information constitution and support of NextGen and provides the study of the development of technique of airspace collaborative decision-makings to confirm the new features based on ICTs. It contains basic application-the input of data and output of the routes of airspace management and collaborative decision-making, and general application-the choose of probability nets of avoiding risky weather, and special application-the affection in the management of the air routes, which are made up of position and direction. The research shows the accurate schedule characteristics of airspace management and collaborative decision-making based on ICTs, which made the space accurate by time accurate. Second, the visualization of airspace management and collaborative decision-making based on ICTs made the maps of flight path under mobile data quickly generated. This could make the fully development and utilization of national airspace, ensure safety, and reduce air traffic controllers’ workload and the costs in delaying and operating in risky weather.     

基于水利益共享的跨境流域水资源多目标分配研究——以澜沧江-湄公河为例

以水利益共享代替分水的理念有利于充分发挥水资源效益和减少区域矛盾冲突,但由于缺乏具体可实施的分配模式一直停留在设想阶段。基于水利益共享理念,建立跨境流域水资源多目标分配指标体系,并结合澜沧江-湄公河流域跨境水资源利用现状及需求,提出澜沧江-湄公河流域跨境水资源多目标分配模型。为基于水利益共享的跨境水资源多目标分配提供了具有充分可操作性的指标体系和分配模型,有助于推进跨境流域水利益共享的实施,实现区域双边或多边在水资源利用上的共赢和发展目标。