莱芜市矿山排水对地质环境的影响分析

莱芜市煤炭和铁矿资源丰富,开采历史悠久,矿山排水量较大。煤矿矿坑水中SO42-、总硬度、矿化度、F-等组分较高,对地下水水化学场构成影响,矿区附近SO42-含量大于300 mg/L的孔隙水分布面积9.98 km2。铁矿排水具有高强度、大降深、强烈疏干的特征,导致矿山背斜东翼已形成水位降落漏斗,其中水位标高120 m的漏斗面积达27.5 km2,由于矿坑排水加之水源开采,1973年以来赵庄、孟家庄、西泉河地段共发生岩溶塌陷220处,塌陷总面积8 880 m2。     

东海天然气水合物地热研究及其环境意义

依据地热资料研究天然气水合物稳定带厚度在东海海域的分布情况。东海在地质构造上位于新生代环太平洋构造带西部边缘岛弧的内侧,又是欧亚板块、太平洋板块和菲律宾海板块的相互作用带。依据国际热流委员会(IHFC)提供的东海地热数据,经过统计确定出该区域的热流分布,热流平均值为121·0mW/m2,最小值为73·0mW/m2,最大值为168·0mW/m2。同时利用天然气水合物温压模型计算了稳定带厚度,数据显示稳定带厚度平均值为92·2m,最小值为1·4m,最大值为190·6m,薄于其他已经发现的海洋天然气水合物稳定带厚度(约400m)。天然气水合物大部分分布在条件适宜的陆坡和岛坡上,冲绳海槽底部水合物稳定带厚度相对较薄。统计分析表明本区热流值与水合物稳定带厚度相关性很差,相关系数仅有0·12。这是由于天然气水合物所在海域水深较浅时,海底温度的变化迫使运算所应用的非线性方程影响因子迅速积累,从而导致相关系数降低。最后结合东海陆坡的地质条件,探讨了在天然气水合物存在的情况下,陆坡失稳的可能性及其造成的环境影响。     

PREDICTION OF LOCATION OF HIDDEN ORE DEPOSITS IN THE AGED ORE FIELDS:AN EXAMPLE FROM FENGHUANGSHAN ORE FIELD,TONGLING,CHINA

This paper discusses the strategy for successfully predicting the location of potential hidden ore bodies in aged ore field,and presents the result of location prediction of hidden ore bodies in Fenghuangshan ore field,Tongling.Innovative conceptual targeting procedures based on a genetic understanding of mineralization systems,carefully geological investigation and correct deduction,together with new geochemical and geophysical technology and integrating of comprehensive information are all very important for the successful prediction.In the aged Fenghuangshan ore field,through researching by application of the metallogenic theory of polygenetic compound ore deposits and triple-frequency induced polarization method and exploration tectono-geochemical method,we predicted location and quality of hidden ore bodies.According to the prediction,hidden high quality Cu-Au ore bodies of skarn type and porphyry type have been discovered.     

A Miocene coarse volcaniclastic mass-flow deposit in the Shimane Peninsula,SW Japan: product of a deep submarine eruption?

 A subaqueous volcaniclastic mass-flow deposit in the Miocene Josoji Formation, Shimane Peninsula, is 15–16 m thick, and comprises mainly blocks and lapilli of rhyolite and andesite pumices and non- to poorly vesiculated rhyolite. It can be divided into four layers in ascending order. Layer 1 is an inversely to normally graded and poorly sorted lithic breccia 0.3–6 m thick. Layer 2 is an inversely to normally graded tuff breccia to lapilli tuff 6–11 m thick. This layer bifurcates laterally into minor depositional units individually composed of a massive, lithic-rich lower part and a diffusely stratified, pumice-rich upper part with inverse to normal grading of both lithic and pumice clasts. Layer 3 is 2.5–3 m thick, and consists of interbedded fines-depleted pumice-rich and pumice-poor layers a few centimeters thick. Layer 4 is a well-stratified and well-sorted coarse ash bed 1.5–2 m thick. The volcaniclastic deposit shows internal features of high-density turbidites and contains no evidence for emplacement at a high temperature. The mass-flow deposit is extremely coarse-grained, dominated by traction structures, and is interpreted as the product of a deep submarine, explosive eruption of vesicular magma or explosive collapse of lava. Received: 10 January 1996 / Accepted: 23 February 1996     

安徽庐枞火山岩盆地西南部“含-横隐伏隆起”构造特征与成矿条件分析

"含-横隐伏隆起"构造位于"庐枞火山岩盆地"与"印支隆起"过渡带的含山—横山一带,是一个小型的基底隆起构造,近期在该隆起带的北部下含山一带的深部见到接触交代矽卡岩型含铜磁铁矿体,是庐枞火山岩盆地南西部多年来找矿的新发现。对该区深部找矿具有指导意义。     

Mechanisms of collapse of the cretaceous helvetiafjellet formation at Kvalvågen,eastern Spitsbergen

Coastal cliffs at Kvalvågen, eastern Spitsbergen, expose palaeolandslide blocks and related slope failure features that record local collapse of an otherwise undisturbed succession of paralic sediments. The collapse occurred along a shallow sloping shelf at the edge of an epicontinental sea in the Early Cretaceous. The event was coincident with a rise in relative sea level along a coast that had just previously experienced a major paralic regression across a muddy marine environment. The low relief environment in which the slope failure structures formed, as well as the timing of the collapse raise questions regarding the cause of the topographic instability and the possible influence of sea level changes or tectonic activity. These outcrops have been previously interpreted as the collapse of a deltaic system triggered by local seismic activity or collapse of a shelf break in the headwall regions of submarine canyons. This paper presents new structural and stratigraphic data that refine and adjust the previous interpretations through the evaluation of a variety of possible mechanisms for collapse based on the new data. Our data suggest that active delta deposition was not occurring at Kvalvågen at the time of collapse and that the collapse was likely due to allogenic forcing. Despite the possible influence of pore fluids and rheological controls on the collapse, we find that the geometry and kinematics of landslide slip planes, synsedimentary folds, and other slope failure related features require over-steepened topography and that these are most consistent with westward-directed collapse off of a north striking escarpment with elevated topography on the east side. Fault exposures, a large contrast in palaeo-elevation, and liquifaction features support previous interpretations of a tectonic cause for the collapse and suggest that this topographic feature may have been a fault or fold scarp. This study demonstrates the importance of combining stratigraphic and sedimentological data with structural data and kinematic analysis in the interpretation of sedimentary processes.     

可控源音频大地电磁法在浅覆盖区区域地质调查中的应用——以1∶5万大汶口、楼德幅为例

根据已有地质和地球物理研究结果,大汶口、楼德地区存在多条隐伏断裂。为了查明该区基岩面的起伏情况、断裂的空间展布情况,在研究区完成了10条可控源音频大地电磁测深剖面。结合区域地质资料对研究区域进行了综合地质解释,结果表明：可控源音频大地电磁法可以反映不同深度电阻率分布情况,能够较好地描绘出测线通过地段地层和地质构造空间分布情况;并揭示了蒙山断裂、顺义庄断裂等隐伏断裂的构造位置、性质、产状等,与已有的区域地质资料给出的信息基本一致,为地质分析工作提供了可靠的基础资料;CSAMT法已经成为探测隐伏断裂的一种重要的地球物理手段,在浅覆盖区区域地质调查工作中有着广阔的应用前景。     

覆盖型岩溶土洞形成的临界水流速度数值模拟研究

覆盖型岩溶塌陷灾害具有隐蔽性、突发性、不确定性、机理复杂性等特点,致使其预防、治理工作十分困难。覆盖型岩溶塌陷过程中,覆盖层土体形成土洞,土洞发育、扩展直至地表塌陷。现阶段土洞塌陷研究方法多为有限单元法等数值模拟,但有限单元法无法解决颗粒迁移、土体崩落等岩体大变形问题。在浙江省江山市岩溶塌陷地质条件分析的基础上,利用颗粒流数值模拟方法（PFC）对覆盖型岩溶土洞的形成过程进行了模拟,从微观角度揭示土洞形成过程中特殊土体颗粒的位移、裂纹的发展趋势和系统不平衡力的变化情况等,再现外力作用下岩溶土洞形成的多场变化特征。结果表明：（1）岩溶土洞发育过程可概化为裂纹产生、连通面形成、颗粒剥落3个阶段;（2）岩溶土洞开始发育时,土体颗粒位移曲线、裂纹的贯通程度、不平衡力三者之间具有良好的一致性,且垂直方向扩展速度大于水平速度;（3）覆盖层土体为黏土时初始土洞形成的临界水流速度为0.104 cm/s。研究结果可为岩溶塌陷治理提供参考数据。