Evolution of 2:1 layered silicates in low-grade metamorphosed Liassic shales of Central Switzerland

White mica from the Liassic black shales and slates in Central Switzerland was analysed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron microprobe to determine its textural and compositional evolution during very low-grade prograde metamorphism. Samples were studied from the diagenetic zone, anchizone and epizone (T ≈100°–450 °C). Phyllosilicate minerals analysed include illite/smectite (I/S), phengite, muscovite, brammallite, paragonite, margarite and glauconite. Textural evolution primarily is towards larger, more defect-free grains with compositions that approach those of their respective end-members. The smectite-to-illite transformation reduced the amounts of the exchange components SiK_?1Al_?1, MgSiAl_?2, and Fe³⁺Al_?1. These trends continue to a lesser degree in the anchizone and epizone. Correlations between the proportion of smectite in I/S and the composition of I/S indicate that smectite layers may contain a high layer charge. Illite in I/S bears a compositional resemblance to macrocrystalline phengite in some samples, but is different in others. Paragonite first appears in the upper diagenetic zone or lower anchizone as an interlayer-deficient brammallite, and it may be mixed with muscovite on the nanometre scale. Owing to the small calculated structure factor for paragonite-muscovite superstructures, conventional X-ray powder diffraction cannot distinguish between mixed-layer structures and a homogeneous compositionally intermediate solid solutions. However, indirect TEM evidence shows that irregularly shaped domains of Na- and K-rich mica exist below 10 nm. Subsequent coarsening of domains at higher grades produced discrete paragonite grains at the margins of muscovite crystals or in laths parallel to the basal plane of the host muscovite. Margarite appears in the epizone and follows a textural evolution similar to paragonite in that mixtures of margarite, paragonite, and muscovite may initially occur on the nanometre scale. However, no evidence of interlayer-poor margarite has been found.     

关联度分析法在确定土地定级因素权重中的应用

从关联度分析法的基本原理入手,介绍了应用关联度分析法确定土地定级因素权重的具体方法,探讨了关联度分析法运用于土地定级因素权重确定的可行性。     

用专家系统技术确定地图要素的地图符号类型

地图要素与地图符号类型之间的关系长期被人们忽略。但它确是专题地图设计专家系统中不可缺少的重要环节,是地图符号设计的基础。本文给出了地图要素类型和地图符号类型的定义,详细阐述了两者之间的关系;作者用Turbo Prolog2.0语言在COMPAQ 386微机上建立的地图要素的地图符号类型确定专家系统模块,可以对一幅地图上各种类型的地图要素确定其地图符号类型,为下一步具体的符号设计工作打下了良好的基础。     

Fault Characteristics in Longmen Mountain Thrust Belt,Western Sichuan Foreland Basin,China

Through field geological survey,the authors found that abundant thrust faults developed in the Longmen (龙门) Mountain thrust belt.These faults can be divided into thrust faults and strike-slip faults according to their formation mechanisms and characteristics.Furthermore,these faults can be graded into primary fault,secondary fault,third-level fault,and fourth-level fault according to their scale and role in the tectonic evolution of Longmen Mountain thrust belt.Each thrust fault is composed of several secondary faults,such as Qingchuan (青川)-Maowen (茂汶) fault zone is composed of Qiaozhuang (乔庄) fault,Qingxi (青溪) fault,Maowen fault,Ganyanggou (赶羊沟) fault,etc..The Longmen Mountain thrust belt experienced early Indosinian movement,Anxian (安县) movement,Yanshan (燕山)movement,and Himalayan movement,and the faults formed gradually from north to south.     

黄河流域绿色科技创新竞争力时空分异演变及障碍因素

加快提升绿色科技创新竞争力是实现黄河流域高质量发展的必然需求。在利用纵横向拉开档次法系统评价2009～2020年黄河流域绿色科技创新竞争力的基础上,进一步采用核密度估计和空间马尔科夫链对其时空分布格局和动态演进特征进行深入分析,并借助障碍度模型分析阻碍黄河流域绿色科技创新竞争力提升的主要因素。结果表明:①黄河流域绿色科技创新竞争力整体发展呈现出“衰退期”“上升期”“再衰期”“重振期”4个阶段的“W”型变化趋势,地区间绿色科技创新竞争力的绝对差异有所缩小,但仍具有显著的“梯度”发展特征,黄河流域上、中、下游绿色科技创新竞争力依次递增; ②黄河流域不同等级间的绿色科技创新竞争力具有转移“惰性”,低竞争力地区面临严重的“等级壁垒”,而高竞争力地区则存在“俱乐部趋同”现象,空间溢出效应下,绿色科技创新竞争力转移的“等级锁定”概率有所降低,但仍无法实现跨级跃迁; ③黄河流域绿色科技创新竞争力的阻碍因素主要体现在绿色发展不足和成果转化不充分等方面,其中单位GDP能耗、能源消费结构、能源消耗、开放程度和绿色科技论文发表数量是阻碍黄河流域绿色科技创新竞争力提升的主要因素。     

浙江山区县域绿色转型发展评价与动力机制

科学量化山区26县绿色转型水平是浙江建设共同富裕示范区的关键。从“绿色生态-绿色生产-绿色生活”三生空间视角构建绿色转型指标体系,采用纵横向拉开档次法、重心-标准差椭圆及时空地理加权回归模型等研究2010～2021年浙江山区26县绿色转型的时空分异特征与驱动因素。结果表明:①2010～2021年山区26县绿色转型整体呈增长趋势,年均增幅为2.428%,但仍有较大提升空间; 绿色转型的变异系数逐年减小,地区差异从“大差距低水平”特征逐渐向“小差距高水平”特征转变。②2010～2021年山区26县绿色转型逐渐呈现“永嘉—缙云—青田”为核心的空间分布格局。绿色转型重心逐渐向北扩张,研究期内山区26县北部县域的绿色转型有较大提升; 山区26县绿色转型空间分布总体呈较为稳定的西北—东南方向分布格局,标准差椭圆分布范围逐渐缩小,空间集聚性不断增强,区域发展不平衡问题有所改善。③各影响因素呈现较强的时空异质性。经济发展、城市化、政府调控和人力资本素质始终是山区26县绿色转型的主要驱动因素,金融发展、科技水平和对外开放程度的驱动力逐渐增强,产业结构的驱动作用尚不稳定,对于山区26县绿色转型的拉动能力有限。     

基于地质统计学的多金属矿床品位动态优化方案

矿产资源做为有限的不可再生资源,确定合理的矿床边界品位是矿产资源高效利用的关键,尤其对多金属共伴生矿床而言,如果仍沿用单一指标或用综合品位指标来圈定矿体,势必会对资源产生浪费。本文旨在探讨基于地质统计学的多金属矿床品位优化方法,针对传统边界品位优化方法在处理共（伴）生多金属矿床时的局限性,引入地质统计学理论及单位原矿价值概念,以提高边界品位指标确定的准确性和可信度,通过对矿床品位分布的三维块体模型进行构建和分析,实现了对矿石与废石的有效区分,为矿山的开采和利用提供了科学依据。     

我国油页岩的成分和品级划分

根据我国21个油页岩产地,26个样品的分析数据,讨论了油页岩的含油率、灰分产率,灰分成分和密度等品级的划分,指出我国缺少高含油率页岩,提出中、低含油率油页岩的标准。并认为含油率在3.5~5.0%称含油页岩,含油率低于3.5%不应当作油页岩。油页岩灰分成分大多是硅铝质,因而灰熔点偏高。提出了油页岩灰分成分的分类表。指出我国油页岩的密度高于国外样品,原因是钙质成分含量较低。     

新疆阿图什市近场区地震构造评价

在新疆阿图什市近场 2 5km范围内鉴别出全新世活断裂 1条 ,全新世活褶皱 5个。托特拱拜孜—阿尔帕雷克断裂在全新世时期曾有两次显示断错活动 ,累积铅直断距 170 cm,最新断错活动的 TL时间在 ( 8.6± 0 .0 3) Ka BP以内。该断裂历史上曾发生过 190 2年 8月 2 3日阿图什 8.2 5级地震 ,近期又发生了 1996年 3月 19日阿图什 6.9级地震 ,是一条地震断裂构造。由托特拱拜孜—阿尔帕雷克断裂与塔什皮萨克—阔诺勒果背斜褶皱构成的地震构造带所形成的潜在震源区距阿图什市工程场地以北 13km,其发生最大潜在地震的能力按 8.5级考虑 ,由全新世活褶皱构成的喀什—阿图什地震构造带所形成的潜在震源区的震级上限按 6.0级考虑