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Larry N. Smith 《Quaternary Research》2006,66(2):311-322
Glacial Lake Missoula, a source of Channeled Scabland flood waters, inundated valleys of northwest Montana to altitudes of ∼ 1265 m and to depths of >600 m, as evidenced by shorelines and silty lacustrine deposits. This study describes previously unrecognized catastrophic lake-drainage deposits that lie stratigraphically beneath the glacial-lake silts. The unconsolidated gravelly flood alluvium contains imbricated boulder-sized clasts, cross-stratified gravel with slip-face heights of 2-> 35 m, and 70- to 100-m-high gravel bars which all indicate a high-energy, high-volume alluvial environment. Gravel bars and high scablands were formed by catastrophic draining of one or possibly more early, high lake stands (1200-1265 m). Most glacial-lake silt, such as the Ninemile section, was deposited stratigraphically above the earlier deposits, represents a lower lake stand(s) (1050-1150 m), and was not deposited in lake(s) responsible for the highest discharge events. The glaciolacustrine silt-covered benches are incised by relict networks of valleys formed during the drainage of the last glacial lake. Significant erosion associated with the last lake draining was confined to the inner Clark Fork River canyon. 相似文献
3.
Yao Chun-xial Li Bao-sheng Jin He-ling David Dian Zhang Yan Man-cun Zhu Yi-zhi Li Hou-xin Zhang Yu-hong Luo Kai-li 《地理学报(英文版)》2002,12(1):65-71
The paper makes some analyses on 11 trace elements in the Milanggouwan stratigraphical section in the Salawusu River valley,
which is regarded as a prototype geology-palaeoclimate record since 150 ka BP. The results show that the content and variation
of trace elements has experienced remarkably regular changes in the pace with coarse and fine sedimentary cycles of palaeo-aeolian
sands to its overlying fluvio-lacustrine facies or/and palaeosols. The trace elements with chemical properties of relatively
active (V, Sr, Cu, Ni, As) and relatively stable (P, Pb, Rb, Mn, Nb, Zr) are a manifestation of the corresponding 27 changeable
cycles between peak and valley values, appearing a multi-fiuctuational process line of relative gathering and migration since
then. The low numerical value distribution of these two types of trace elements in the aeolian sand facies represents erosion
and accumulation under wind force during the cold-dry climate. Whereas their enrichments in both fluvio-lacustrine facies
and palaeosols are related to the valley’s special low-lying physiognomic position between the Ordos Plateau and the Loess
Plateau under the warm and humid climate conditions. The above relatively migrated and gathered change of the trace elements
is the result of 27 climatic cycles of cold-dry and warm-humid, which is probably caused by repeated alternations of winter
monsoon and summer monsoon in the Mu Us Sandy Land influenced by the climate vicissitudes in northern hemisphere during glacial
and interglacial periods since 150 ka BP. 相似文献
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YAN Shouxun Laboratory of Remote Sensing Information Sciences Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(9)
To examine the application potential of hyperspectral remote sensing techniques in classifying very low-grade metamorphic belts, the composition of clay minerals and the cyrstallinity of illite from mudstones were measured using XRD and VIS-SWIR (400-2500 nm) reflectance spectroscopy. Based on the illite cyrstallinity, Kubler Index (KI), the Early Triassic LuoLou Group and the Middle Triassic lower Baifeng Formation were classified as the lower Epizone with KI△2θ° ranging from 0.22 to 0.25, the upper Baifeng Formation as upper anchizone with KI△2θ°ranging from 0.26 to 0.33, and the Hekou Formation as lower anchizone with KI△2θ° ranging from 0.38 to 0.40. According to a KI△2θ° value of 0.43, it is possible that there may exist a local diagenetic zone in the upper strata. The illite cyrstallinity Kubler index and the metamorphic grade increase from the bottom to the top of the stratigraphic sequence. The metamorphic grade boundaries nearly match the stratigraphic boundaries, indicating a burial metamorphism nature for the stratigraphic sequence. From the bottom to the top of the sequence, the spectral absorption band center of clay minerals from fresh rocks is around 2200 nm. The absorption band centers change towards shorter wavelengths: the Luolou Group being at 2220 nm, the Baifeng Formation at 2217-2213 nm, the lower member of the Hekou Formation at 2214-2206 nm, and the upper member of the Hekou Formation at 2205-2197 nm. The spectral absorption band center of illite shows the same change pattern. These results indicate that very low-grade metamorphic belts can be subdivided using spectral indices of clay minerals, which are measured by using field portable spectroradiometers. However, it may not work well with satellite and airborne sensors. 相似文献
6.
城市剖面分析的方法和实证 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
提出了城市剖面概念。城市剖面主要反映了城市内部发展水平的差异。通过对城市剖面沿程的空间实体信息和行人社会属性信息的观测研究,可以定量分析城市内部发展过程,为研究城市演变、地域级差及空间扩展提供新方法。以大连市为例,选择长江路—黄河路为剖面线,利用主成分分析方法得到剖面各观测点的城市综合发展指数分布,并对城市发展中的景观建设和社会人文两大系统的协调度进行分析和评价。结果表明:(1)沿城市剖面线可将大连城市划分为三部分:城市发展综合指数最高的城心地区;指数较高的中间市区;指数低于平均水平的外围市区。(2)大连市景观与人文两大系统的协调度由高到低依次是城心地区、外围市区、中间市区。 相似文献
7.
提出了一种用于垂直形变分析的附有标高刻度的三维立体剖面图的全新模型方法 ,介绍了用这一模型方法建立国家复测水准网三维立体剖面图模型的过程。使用表明 ,这一模型方法与目前常用的三维空间表示方法相比 ,在定量、定位分析水准点的沉降变化时具有直观、快速等优点。 相似文献
8.
新亚欧大陆桥,是又一条连接亚欧大陆的“黄金通道”。陆桥的开通,给河南城市群的崛起和城乡产业经济的发展带来了契机。作为经济可持续发展限制因素之一的地下水资源,在陆桥(河南段)经济带范围内,能否满足沿线经济对地下水的需求?研究结论是:地下水形势不容乐观,潜力尚有87×108m3/a,同时还存在超采量388×108m3/a,城乡开发地下水强度不一,已引发多种环境地质问题,对陆桥(河南段)经济带的发展构成了严重威胁。为缓和陆桥(河南段)沿线用水矛盾,必须遵循“因地制宜,量水为出,适度开发,统一规划”的原则,在开源、节流、管理上做好用水文章,充分发挥地下水资源的整体效益,实现陆桥(河南段)经济带地下水的可持续开发利用。 相似文献
9.
2018年伏秋汛期黄河流域上游持续来水,为保证2108-2019年度黄河流域凌汛期安全,黄河流域重点水库进行了大流量持续下泄。以2018年9月的实际数据为基准,通过对重点水库实际日均出入库调度情况,内蒙古河段的重点水文站实际日均流量过程和三个年份汛期大断面套绘成果对比分析研究,可以得出水库大流量持续下泄对内蒙古河段河道塑形能力起到了关键性作用,有效的提高了主槽过流能力,河段最小平滩流量得到一定的恢复,对下一步研究黄河流域河道过流能力提供了有利的数据支撑和参考价值。 相似文献
10.
重庆云阳石梁剖面位于上扬子板块北缘南大巴山冲断带位置,早三叠世飞仙关期处于城口-鄂西海槽西侧位置,对该剖面的详细研究,有利于恢复飞仙关期川东北碳酸盐台地东缘的沉积演化过程.研究认为,该剖面飞仙关组-段属于斜坡相沉积;二段下部继承碳酸盐台地东缘斜坡相,中部发育典型的台地边缘滩沉积,其顶部则演化为局限台地溺湖环境;三段由开阔台地及局限台地渴湖沉积构成;四段属于典型的局限台地潮坪沉积城口-鄂西海槽西侧飞仙关组由两个向上变浅的沉积旋回组成,通过与相邻位置的井剖面对比认为。相对海平面变化控制了城口-一西海槽西侧飞仙关期沉积相演化。台地边缘滩基本发育于相对海平面下降时期 相似文献