用谱回归方程计算鄂霍次克海风暴增水

研究了天气频段非周期性水位振动与风和大气压力的关系，根据对水位振动，风和大气压力进行的谱分析，确定了大约在５，１０，１５￣２０ｄ周期存在天气最大值，为鹗霍次克海５个站建立了普通回归方程和谱回归方程，并对水位升高的观测值和计算值做了比较，可看出，使用谱回归方程的计算结果与线性回归方程计算结果相比较有实质性改善。     

Selenium contamination in the Colorado River Basin, western USA： Remediation by leaching and nanof＇dtration membranes

Selenium （Se） is an essential micronutrient to biota, but can become a potent toxicant at elevated concentrations. The natural sources and chemical properties of Se species make the boundary between deficiency and toxicity narrow for some biota, with both phenomena common around the globe. Large areas of farmland in the Colorado River Basin （CRB） generate salinized drainage water with Se concentrations much higher than 5 μg/L, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency chronic water-quality criterion for the protection of aquatic life. We have carried out detailed field and laboratory studies to investigate Se geochemistry and remediation in two of these areas： the Middle Green River Basin, Utah and the Salton Sea Basin, California, located respectively in the Upper and Lower CRB. Results from these and other studies show that approximately 90% of the dissolved Se in the Colorado River and its tributaries originally is derived from the Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale and equivalent pyritic marine units that outcrop in the Upper CRB. Selenium is mobilized commonly by biogeochemical oxidation of this pyritic shale and is concentrated mainly as selenate （SeO4^2-） in soils and agricultural drainage water of dry climates by evaporation. Minor （0%-5%） amounts of Se are present as the selenite species （HSeO3^-） and （SEO3^2-）, but these species and the more reduced species, elemental Se （SeO） and selenide （Se^2-）, have much lower solubility and/or have high sorptive affinity towards organic matter, clay minerals and iron oxyhydroxides. The concentration of dissolved Se （-2.5 μg/L） and salinity in the Lower Colorado River water are among the highest of the world major rivers. Because of low precipitation （7 cm/a） and extreme evapotranspiration （-1.8 m/a） rates in the Salton Sea Basin, California, Se values in irrigation water imported from the Colorado River increase to 〉300 μg/L in drainage wastewater. Removal of Se from contaminated wastewater by nanofiltration membranes was demonstrated in laboratory and pilot-scale field experiments.     

"山丘区集雨示范项目"区内实施人工增雨提高集雨效率的探讨

呼和浩特市清水河县地处大青山南部，属阴山前山丘陵山地，海拔1500～1700m，相对高度200～300m。黄土丘陵区冲沟密布，地形切割支离破碎．地表梁峁纵横，水土流失严重；且干旱少雨，水资源匮乏。严重制约了该地区的农业生产发展，属国家贫困县之一。近年来，由于气候变暖变干，降雨量偏少，缺水现象更趋严重。造成人畜饮水困难，生存条件进     

彰武县节水灌溉项目区项目风险探析

彰武县项目区新建地下水源1 588处、改造水源井1 400处,通过采用技术上先进成熟、经济上可行的节水设备及经验,对项目实施后的效益分析,有效的确定取水方案的合理性与可行性及取水水源的可靠性论证,提出应提高灌溉水的有效利用率,在生产过程中推广高效节水灌溉技术,采用滴灌工程,为彰武县节水增粮工程取水许可证的申请和批准提供科学依据,达到合理利用开发利用水资源,从而提高农业综合生产能力,保障国家粮食生产安全。     

Runoff reduction due to environmental changes in the Sanchuanhe river basin

Recently, runoff in many river basins in China has been decreasing. Therefore, the role that climate change and human activities are playing in this decrease is currently of interest. In this study, we evaluated an assessment method that was designed to quantitatively separate the effects of climate change and human activities on runoff in river basins. Specifically, we calibrated the SIMHYD rainfall runoff model using naturally recorded hydro-meteorologic data pertaining to the Sanchuanhe River basin and then determined the effects of climate change and human activities on runoff by comparing the estimated natural runoff that occurred during the period in which humans disturbed the basin to the runoff that occurred during the period prior to disturbance by humans. The results of this study revealed that the S1MHYD rainfall runoff model performs well for estimating monthly discharge. In addition, we found that absolute runoff reductions have increased in response to human activities and climate change, with average reductions of 70.1% and 29.9% in total runoff being caused by human activities and climate change, respectively. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that human activities are the primary cause of runoff reduction in the Sanchuanhe River basin.     

基于Landsat的小麦估产模型及其应用

针对华北地区旱情导致小麦减产的问题,提出了利用Landsat遥感影像信息,结合小麦生长关键时期的降雨量以及种植区距离灌溉水源的位置关系,建立小麦估产模型,通过降雨预报信息估算小麦单产产量,并将其应用在作物种植选择方面,以提高农田的产值与农民的经济效益。     

河套灌区井渠联合运用优化灌溉模型

针对河套灌区的地面水与地下水联合运用问题,提出了井渠结合优化灌溉模型,以最佳种植模式和最优工程运行策略,达到控制地下水位、防治土壤盐碱化、获得农作物稳产高产的目的.模型有调蓄地面水源、土壤贮水层、地下含水层的能力.优化计算成果与266.7hm2试验示范区的实际运行结果相吻合,节水、节能、增产及控制地下水位、改良盐碱地等效果十分显著,这对发展节水型灌溉农业具有重要的现实意义.     

生态水文学研究的奠基之作--<生态水文学>

生态水文学是 90年代以来兴起的一门新兴边缘学科 ,是描述生态格局和生态过程的水文学机制的一门科学 ,是生态学的水文方面 ,是研究植物如何影响水文过程及水文过程如何影响植物分布和生长的水文学和生态学之间的交叉学科。所研究的对象不仅仅局限于湿地生态系统 ,还应该包括其他生态系统 ,如干旱地区的生态系统、森林和疏林生态系统、江河生态系统、湖泊生态系统和水生生态系统等。近 2 0年来 ,水文过程在生态系统中的重要性和植物对水文过程的影响变得越来越明显。任何生态系统格局和生态过程的变化都与水文过程相关联。正确的管理水资源…