次生悬浮颗粒物与海域生命元素的内循环

重点讨论近岸海域海洋资源开发过程中所诱发产生的次生悬浮颗粒物的产生机制，及其对近岸海域水体中生命元素的生物地球化学的行为，过程和内循环等诸环节的效应。该物质很大程度上决定了海域水体中的生命元素的存在形态，含量水平。因此，可能成为近岸水体富营养化的潜在威胁。     

生命之“金”

一个患有癌症的美国运动员和198个中国癌症患者的故事,在北京奥运会上悄然流传。这是一群特殊的人做了一件特殊的事,虽然不是发生在赛场上,但却是用生命诠释了奥林匹克精神;用生命铸造了一枚特殊“金牌”。     

新地球观

One of the most important achivements on science in 20th century is the new recognition on the Earth:the Earth,out of the other planets, exhibits very peculiar features because it has an extremely complex and active periphery part (surfacial layers). This periphery part is an open system sustained by inputting solar energe , which is captured , transfered and stored by life. Through the system , cyclings of matters and energe flow are driven and regulated by life activities. This system is self-equilibrated,self-controlled and far away from astrophysical and thermodynamic equilibria mainly because of life and life activities.
Development of human calture influences increasingly on流Earth's periphery system , at last , the natural biosphere that has existed for 3 billion years on the Earth's surface will inavoidably be replaced by so called "noosphere",which is man一reconstructed,man-controlled and unstable system. Thus the fate of the Earth,to a great extent,will be determined by the direction of human calture evolution.
     

Heavy metal contamination in the sediment of the Second Songhua River

The Second Songhua River was subjected to a large amount of untreated effluent from petrochemical industries in Jilin City in the 1960s to the 1970s. The objectives of this study were to investigate the mercury and other heavy metal contamination in the sediment of the river. The river bottom sediment was sampled from the river segment between Jilin City to Haerbin City in 2005. Total concentrations of Hg, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, Ni, As, Sc, and major cations （A1, Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na） in the sediment were measured by atomic fluorescence spectrometer, ICP-MS, and ICP-OES, respectively, following digestion with various acids. We found the concentrations of most elements in the uncontaminated sediment were significantly correlated to those of Sc.     

The acid neutralizing capacity （ANC） of South Africa＇s freshwater ecosystems

Acidification is considered the most important one of the primary chemical stress factors that impact on freshwater ecosystems. In unpolluted freshwater systems, the primary controls on the degree of acidification are factors such as the geological substrate of the catchment area, the presence of organic acids secreted by vegetation in the river system, and equilibrium exchange of carbon dioxide with the atmosphere. Anthropogenic factors that can impact on the degree of acidification of freshwater systems include agricultural, mining and industrial activities, either through direct runoff into river systems or through deposition of atmospheric pollutants from these sources. The capacity factors alkalinity and acidity, which represent the acid- and base-neutralizing capacity （ANC and BCN） of an aqueous system, have been used as more reliable measures of the acidic character of freshwater systems than pH. Unlike pH, ANC and BNC are not affected by parameters such as temperature and pressure. Therefore, ANC has been employed as a predictor of biological status in critical load assessments. Freshwater systems with ANC＇s eq/L isμeq/L are considered sensitive to acidification, ANC=0 μbelow 150 commonly used as the predictor for fish species such as trout in lakes, and an eq/L as more realistic for streams. Acid-neutralizing capacity μANC value of 40 （ANC） can be determined by titration with a strong acid to a preselected equivalence point. Alternatively, it can be calculated as the difference between base cations （[BC]） and strong acid anions （[SAA]）： ANC=[BC]- [SAA]=[Ca^2＋]＋[Mg^2＋]＋[Na^＋]＋[K^＋]-[SO4^2-]-[NO3^-]-[Cl^-] To date, there has been no attempt to establish the ANC of South Africa＇s freshwater ecosystems or variability therein, despite the fact that long-term water quality monitoring data exist for all the parameters needed to calculate it according to the above equations. As a result, the relationship between the acid neutralizing capacity of freshwater ecosystems in South Africa and biodiversity factors, such as fish status, is unknown. Results of the first comprehensive （country-wide scale） evaluation of the acid neutralizing capacity of river systems in South Africa will be presented. Long-term monitoring data obtained from the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry （DWAF） from most of South Africa＇s river systems were used to establish geographic and temporal variabilities in ANC. The results show that the Berg and Breede River systems are most susceptible to acidification, and that geological substrate appears to explain most of the geographic variabilities observed.     

利用电视节目 创设教学情境

前苏联教育家苏霍姆林斯曾经指出，应该让我们的学生在每一节课上“享受到热烈的、沸腾的、多姿多彩的精神生活”，它道出了课堂教学的真谛。采用恰当的方法、手段，精心设计教学的每一环节，提高课堂的教学质量，探索、创造充满生命活力的课堂教学，是每一个教师所寻求的最高境界。     

保障饮水安全维护生命健康

我国是地方病流行较为严重的国家，地方病分布广泛，受害人口较多。由于自然环境影响。地方性砷中毒、地方性氟中毒、克山病、大骨节病以及地方性甲状腺肿等．在“老少边穷”地区及部分农村地区仍很严重。无疑，地方病严重影响了当地人民群众的生命健康和正常生活．并严重阻碍了建设小康社会的步伐。     

我国湿地面积亚洲第一

近期完成的全国首次湿地资源调查显示，我国现有湿地面积3848万hm^2，居亚洲第一位，世界第四位。