非开挖管道翻转内衬修复技术的探讨

本文重点介绍了翻转内衬修复技术的原理、工序、技术特点等,并概括介绍了其它几种非开挖修复技术修复城市燃气埋地管道的方法,最后展望了翻衬法的应用及推广前景。     

Heavy metal contamination in the sediment of the Second Songhua River

The Second Songhua River was subjected to a large amount of untreated effluent from petrochemical industries in Jilin City in the 1960s to the 1970s. The objectives of this study were to investigate the mercury and other heavy metal contamination in the sediment of the river. The river bottom sediment was sampled from the river segment between Jilin City to Haerbin City in 2005. Total concentrations of Hg, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, Ni, As, Sc, and major cations （A1, Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na） in the sediment were measured by atomic fluorescence spectrometer, ICP-MS, and ICP-OES, respectively, following digestion with various acids. We found the concentrations of most elements in the uncontaminated sediment were significantly correlated to those of Sc.     

The acid neutralizing capacity （ANC） of South Africa＇s freshwater ecosystems

Acidification is considered the most important one of the primary chemical stress factors that impact on freshwater ecosystems. In unpolluted freshwater systems, the primary controls on the degree of acidification are factors such as the geological substrate of the catchment area, the presence of organic acids secreted by vegetation in the river system, and equilibrium exchange of carbon dioxide with the atmosphere. Anthropogenic factors that can impact on the degree of acidification of freshwater systems include agricultural, mining and industrial activities, either through direct runoff into river systems or through deposition of atmospheric pollutants from these sources. The capacity factors alkalinity and acidity, which represent the acid- and base-neutralizing capacity （ANC and BCN） of an aqueous system, have been used as more reliable measures of the acidic character of freshwater systems than pH. Unlike pH, ANC and BNC are not affected by parameters such as temperature and pressure. Therefore, ANC has been employed as a predictor of biological status in critical load assessments. Freshwater systems with ANC＇s eq/L isμeq/L are considered sensitive to acidification, ANC=0 μbelow 150 commonly used as the predictor for fish species such as trout in lakes, and an eq/L as more realistic for streams. Acid-neutralizing capacity μANC value of 40 （ANC） can be determined by titration with a strong acid to a preselected equivalence point. Alternatively, it can be calculated as the difference between base cations （[BC]） and strong acid anions （[SAA]）： ANC=[BC]- [SAA]=[Ca^2＋]＋[Mg^2＋]＋[Na^＋]＋[K^＋]-[SO4^2-]-[NO3^-]-[Cl^-] To date, there has been no attempt to establish the ANC of South Africa＇s freshwater ecosystems or variability therein, despite the fact that long-term water quality monitoring data exist for all the parameters needed to calculate it according to the above equations. As a result, the relationship between the acid neutralizing capacity of freshwater ecosystems in South Africa and biodiversity factors, such as fish status, is unknown. Results of the first comprehensive （country-wide scale） evaluation of the acid neutralizing capacity of river systems in South Africa will be presented. Long-term monitoring data obtained from the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry （DWAF） from most of South Africa＇s river systems were used to establish geographic and temporal variabilities in ANC. The results show that the Berg and Breede River systems are most susceptible to acidification, and that geological substrate appears to explain most of the geographic variabilities observed.     

旧供水井化学处理方法介绍--以加德满都市旧供水井修复为例

本文以加德满都市旧供水井修复项目为例,针对因滤水管缝隙被化学物质堵塞,导致井出水量逐年减少的旧供水井。通过井下电视摄像系统检查,采用六偏磷酸钠、氨基黄酸等有机酸,结合刷洗、高压喷射等机械方法进行处理,使旧供水井出水量得到明显提高。     

我国湿地面积亚洲第一

近期完成的全国首次湿地资源调查显示，我国现有湿地面积3848万hm^2，居亚洲第一位，世界第四位。     

复制千年金缕玉衣（续）

把玉片分别处理之后．按理说可以开始玉衣的修复工作了，但又遇到了玉衣大小的问题。这件玉衣大小尺幅怎么办？是大是小？因为玉衣已被盗墓拆散，玉衣片破碎较多．也不免丢失一些。如何处理玉衣大小．我们就把在发掘过程中采集的两死的骨髂请徐州医学院专家帮助鉴定．找出楚王的头骨、股骨等．测出其身高、年龄通过测试复原了这位楚王的形象。     

法老长什么样

俄罗斯的人类学家声称能还原古埃及王国（公元前十一世纪以前）三位法老——孟霍特普三世、拉莫西斯一世和梅连普塔赫的相貌。可谁也没见过埃及国王到底是怎么一副模样     

单线河流的绘制算法

本文在分析平行线，台阶式平行线的绘制方法的基础上，讨论了用基于角平分线渐粗（细）绘制单线河流的方法，从理论上解决了用台阶式平行线拟合渐粗（细）线绘制单线河流的问题。     

动态分级法在蛤蟆河流域水石流分区与评价中的应用

本文在简述水石流影响因素的基础上，利用动态分级法，选取固体碎屑物储量，支沟纵坡比降，形成区坡度，植被覆盖率作为评价因子，对蛤蟆河流域３４条水石流支沟进行了活跃度分区与评价。     

对“对‘径流的趋势分析和概率预测’一文的商榷”的答复

承蒙崔振才、田文苓两同志对“径流趋势分析和概率预测”一文提出了讨论意见。