新疆博斯腾湖沉积岩心的~(210)Pb、~(228)Th、~(239,240)Pu和~3H的分布及意义

作者测定了博斯腾湖沉积岩心~(210)Pb、~(228)Th和核试验释放核素~(239,240)Pu、~3H的分布,并据~(210)Pb、~(228)Th、~(239,240)Pu的结果估算湖泊的沉积速率,分别为0.31cm/a,0.26cm/a和0.33cm/a。它表明该湖泊近百年来沉积环境十分稳定。沉积物岩心极好地保存了人类大气核试验的历史记录。~(239,240)Pu分布在1963±2出现峰值,与60年代核试验高峰期相当吻合。沉积物孔隙水~3H分布的峰值出现在1969年,与湖水的混合过程有关。     

22nd IAS Meeting of Sedimentology

The 22nd IAS Meeting of Sedimentology was held in the Convention Centre of the Grand Hotel Adriatic, in a small touristic town Opatija, located on the eastern Adriatic coast where Central Europe and the Mediterranean meet. It was the second IAS Meeting held in Croatia--the first one, 4th IAS Regional Meeting of Sedimentology, was held in Split in 1983. The Meeting in Opatija was organized by the Institute of Geology (Zagreb) and the Croatian Geological Society. The sponsor was Ministry of Science and Technology of the Reoublic of Croatia.     

Mantle processes during ocean formation：Petrologic records in peridotites from the Alpine－Apennine ophiolites

Mantle peridotites were early exposed at the sea-floor of the Jurassic Tethys derived from the subcontinental mantle of the Europe-Adria system. During continental rifting and oceanic spreading, these lithospheric peri-dotites were percolated via diffuse reactive porous flowby melt fractions produced by near-fractional melting of the upwelling asthenosphere. Ascending melts inter-acted with the lower lithosphere, dissolving pyroxenes and precipitating olivine, and crystallized at shallower levels in the mantle column causing melt impregnation.Subsequent focused porous flow formed replacive dunitechannels, cutting the impregnated oeridotites, which were conduits for upward migration of MORB-type liq-uids. Melt migration produced depletionlrefertilization and significant heating of the percolatedlimpregnated mantle, i.e the thermochemical erosion of the litho-sphere. Impregnated and thermally modified lithos-pheric mantle was cooled by conductive heat loss dur-ing progressive lithosphere thinning and was intrudeaby MORB magmas, which formed Mg-rich and Fe-richgabbroic dykes and bodies. Alpine-Apennine ophiolitic peridotites record the deep-seated migration of melts which changed their compositions and dynamics during the rift evolution. The thermochemical erosion of the lithospheric mantle by the ascending asthenospheric melts, which induces significant compositional and rhe-ological changes in the lower lithosphere, is a major process in the evolution of the continent-ocean transi-tion towards a slow spreading oceanic system.     

高能潮道中的灰泥层——风暴沉积的记录

1992年8月23—24日，安德鲁飓风经过了美国大巴哈马滩北部的两个典型的鲕沉积地区(catcay和Joulfefscay)．在风暴后7个星期，观察到在风暴中沉积于高能潮道(4m深)中的碳酸盐灰泥纹层已经暴露在水下鲕丘的丘槽中，     

南黄海陆架沉积学研究

黄海中部、济州岛西南,存在厚层的泥质沉积,它们分别与上述地区的冷涡活动区相对应。在两个泥质沉积区之间又出现连接它们的通道,形成别有特征的“冷涡-通道”沉积体系。经分析发现,这个沉积体系,完全受控于黄海暖流、冷涡及其相关的环流体系。此外,在黄海西南部及东海北部海底发现大面积砂岩及其砾石,揭示了黄、东海陆架沉积物的新源地。     

潮汐沉积率与沉积间断

在浙北奥陶系文昌组和长江三角洲开敞型淤泥质海岸非潮道潮汐纹层研究的基础上,得出与国外同类研究相近的沉积率。现代海岸进积速度和潮坪沉积的观察及测试证明,上述沉积率是难以置信的。现代潮坪观测表明,潮汐纹层在形成过程中即包含着改造,所保留的纹层占应形成数的不到１０％,其余９０％以上被侵蚀。小型层序是风暴和平静天气的产物,为风暴层序,与大小潮周期无关。其地层中保留的数量不到应生成数的１０％,其余９０％被改造。小型层序被侵蚀,其中的纹层随之消失。致使潮坪层序中保存的纹层数仅为应形成数的０．２％。被改造的纹层和单层留下的仅是侵蚀面,即小间断。在进行潮汐沉积高分辨率的研究时应充分重视沉积间断的作用