The influence of volcanism on paleoclimate in the northeast of China： Insights from Jinchuan peat, Jilin Province, China

Just like contemporary sediments, peat itself is a good repository of information about climate change, the effects of volcanic activity on climate change have been truly recorded in peat, since it is a major archive of volcanic eruption incidents. A section of sand was identified as tephra from the Jinchuan peat, Jilin Province, China, for the grains look like slag with surface bubbles and pits, characterized by high porosity, and loose structure with irregular edges and corners. According to the peat characteristics of uniform deposition, the tephra was dated at 2002–1976 a B.P. by way of linear interpolation, so the time of volcanic eruption was 15 B.C.–26 A.D. (the calibrated age). While the geochemical characteristics of tephra in this study are quite the same as those of tephra from the Jinlongdingzi volcano at Longgang and from alkaline basaltic magma, with the contents of SiO₂<55%, and the similar contents to Al₂O₃ and Fe, but the contents of Na₂O>K₂O. We speculated that the tephra in this study came from the Longgang volcano group. Compared with 11 recorded volcanic eruption events as shown on the carbon and oxygen isotope curves of the Jinchuan peat cellulose, it is obviously seen that adjacent or large-scale volcanic eruptions are precisely corresponding to the minimum temperature and humidity. It seems that these volcanic eruptions indeed affected the local climate, leading to the drop of regional temperature and humidity. As a result, there was prevailing a cold and dry climate there, and all these changes can be well recorded in peat. So the comparison of volcanic eruption events with information about climate change developed from peat, can provide strong evidence for the impact of volcanism on climate change.     

三河—蓟州全新世泥炭形成时代及古环境意义

燕山南麓山前冲洪积平原区广泛分布泥炭层,但其形成时代存在争议,对区域气候环境的相关研究也较为薄弱。针对河北三河—天津蓟州典型泥炭剖面开展¹⁴C测年工作,结合孢粉等指标进行分析,将泥炭层成炭时代主体划分为两期,并分别研究了其形成时的环境特征。结果表明: ¹⁴C测年显示蓟州头营泥炭层成炭期为全新世早期(10 500 a B.P.),三河不老淀泥炭层主体形成于全新世晚期(3 500~2 400 a B.P.)。根据蓟州头营泥炭层及下伏地层的孢粉组合特征,结合前人在不老淀泥炭层开展的孢粉研究成果及动植物化石组合特征,推测全新世早期气候由暖湿向温凉偏湿转变。研究成果可为区域第四系划分及古环境恢复提供依据。     

Geochemical stability of fine-grained silicic Holocene tephra in Iceland and Scotland

This paper tests two assumptions fundamental to the use of fine-grained silicic tephras from Iceland for creating chronological frameworks in northwest Europe. It is shown firstly, that glass shards can retain their overall chemical integrity on at least a four millennial time-scale in contrasting depositional environments in Iceland and Scotland, and secondly, that an acid digestion process, the most practical method for extracting tephra from peat, does not significantly bias the results of major element analysis by electron microprobe. The implication is that there is great potential and an appropriate method for developing both the resolution and the spatial coverage of chronologies based on silicic Icelandic tephras in northwest Europe.     

Depositional,soft sediment and post‐consolidation structures in a Palaeozoic aqueoglacial sequence

The development of a thin peat layer over metamorphic rock during the last cold stage in the Louisa and Melaleuca Plains and at Birch's Inlet, Tasmania, has recently been reported. This paper presents results of a numerical model on permafrost growth and decay, which explores the possibility of the development of a thin layer of permafrost for this particular depositional setting at the end of the last cold stage in Tasmania. The increase in thermal conductivity of peat sediments under frozen conditions results in a preferred penetration of the cold winter wave (in comparison to the summer wave) into the subsurface. The results of the model calculations suggest the development of a several metres‐thick permafrost layer, even under slightly positive mean annual temperatures in the region.     

有机质在中国东北部森林沼泽区化探异常追踪和查证中的应用

在东北森林沼泽区的几个矿区(点)上,通过以泥炭、腐殖层土壤为采样介质的区域化探异常追踪查证方法技术试验研究,发现Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn等主要成矿元素的测量结果与水系碎屑沉积物、残坡积物的基本一致,对矿体均有良好的反映.研究结果表明在这类景观区化探找矿工作中有机质是可以利用的.     

过去5000年西太平洋副热带高压活动的泥炭纤维素碳同位素记录

文章以金川和红原两组泥炭纤维素Δδ13C时间序列值的反向变化来指示西太平洋副热带高压活动变化.结果表明,在过去5000年中,西太平洋副热带高压的活动可分为4个阶段,即西太平洋副热带高压位置在2800～2200B.C.期间持续偏北,2200～600B.C.期间持续偏南,600B.C.～1200A.D.期间在北进与南移之间频繁波动,以及1200～1900A.D.期间再次持续偏北,它们导致降雨量在中国大陆上不同的分布.从约1900A.D.起西太平洋副热带高压的活动似乎又开始一个新的偏南阶段,值得进一步加强研究.     

草炭土路基处理方法研究

为选择合适的草炭土路基处理方法,通过理论分析,对工程实例中遇到的草炭土路基,拟定塑料排水板法和砂桩挤密法处理措施,并对两种方法的处理效果进行了对比。研究结果表明砂桩挤密法无论是从提高固结度,加快草炭土路基固结,还是减小工后沉降,保证路基运营稳定方面都要优于塑料排水板法。砂桩挤密法更适用于草炭土路基处理。     

中全新世以来黑龙江同江地区的孢粉组合与植被、气候演化

对黑龙江省同江县96－QP剖面从下至上划分4个孢粉组合带：1是以蒙古栎－桦属－蒿属－苔草属－木本科－水龙骨科为主组合带;2是以蒿属－莎草科－禾本科－桦属－栎属为主组合带;3是以桦属－蒙古栎松属－蒿属－莎草科－禾本科为主组合带;4是以松属－桦属－蒙古栎－蒿属－苔草属为主组合带。这4个孢粉组合带清楚地反映了古植被,古气候演替4个阶段;依次为温性落叶阔叶林－针,阔叶混交林→以落叶阔叶树稍多的针、阔叶混交林－草原→以松占优势的针、阔叶混交林。其气候变化是温暖湿润－温和略干－温和略湿－温凉湿润。