Depositional and post‐depositional history of warm stage deposits at Knocknacran,Co. Monaghan,Ireland: implications for preservation of Irish last interglacial deposits

Organic‐rich deposits, uncovered during overburden removal from mantled gypsum karst at Knocknacran opencast gypsum mine, Co. Monaghan, are the best candidate to date for a last interglacial record in Ireland. The two till and organic‐rich deposits (preserved at different quarry elevations) were emplaced on to a Tertiary dolerite surface during high‐energy flood events and subsequently folded and faulted by movement towards sinkholes in underlying gypsum. Uranium–thorium disequilibrium dating suggests that the organic‐rich deposits in the upper section were hydrologically isolated at ca. 41 ka and those in the lower section at ca. 86 ka. Interpretation of the pollen content, although tentative because of the depositional and post‐depositional history of the material, suggests that the organic material originated in a warm stage possibly warmer than the post‐Eemian interstadials. The unusual setting of preservation may indicate that in situ, last interglacial deposits have generally been removed by erosion in Ireland. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Preboreal climate reversal and a subsequent solar‐forced climate shift

Accurate chronologies are essential for linking palaeoclimate archives. Carbon‐14 wiggle‐match dating was used to produce an accurate chronology for part of an early Holocene peat sequence from the Borchert (The Netherlands). Following the Younger Dryas–Preboreal transition, two climatic shifts could be inferred. Around 11 400 cal. yr BP the expansion of birch (Betula) forest was interrupted by a dry continental phase with dominantly open grassland vegetation, coeval with the PBO (Preboreal Oscillation), as observed in the GRIP ice core. At 11 250 cal. yr BP a sudden shift to a humid climate occurred. This second change appears to be contemporaneous with: (i) a sharp increase of atmospheric ¹⁴C; (ii) a temporary decline of atmospheric CO₂; and (iii) an increase in the GRIP ¹⁰Be flux. The close correspondence with excursions of cosmogenic nuclides points to a decline in solar activity, which may have forced the changes in climate and vegetation at around 11 250 cal. yr BP. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Tephra Discovered in High Resolution Peat Sediment and Its Indication to Climatic Event

Floating tephra was deposited together with ice core,snow layer,abyssal sediment,lake sediments,and other geological records.It is of great significance to interpret the impact on the climate change of volcanic eruptions from these geological records.It is the first time that volcanic glass was discovered from the peat of Jinchuan(金川)Maar,Jilin(吉林)Province,China.And it is in situ sediments from a near-source explosive eruption according to particle size analysis and identification results.The tephra were neither from Tianchi(天池)volcano eruptions,Changbai(长白)Mountain,nor from Jinlongdingzi(金龙顶子)volcano about 1 600 aBP eruption,but maybe from an unknown eruption of Longgang(龙岗)volcano group according to their geochemistry and distribution.Geochemical characters of the tephra are similar to those of Jingiongdingzi,which are poor in s.Jica,deficient in alkali,Na20 content is more than K20 content,and are similar to distribution patterns of REE and incompatible elements,which helps to speculate that they originated from the same mantle magma with rare condemnation,and from basaltic explosive eruption of Longgang volcano group.The tephra,from peat with age proved that the eruption possibly happened in 15 BC-26 AD,is one of Longgang volcano group eruption that was not recorded and is earlier than that of Jinglongdingzi about 1 600 aBP eruption.And the sedimentary time of tephra is during the period of low temperature alteration.which may be the influence of eruption toward the local climate according to the correlativity of eruption to local temperature curve of peat cellulose oxygen isotope.     

我国贫营养泥炭沉积的物质组成、理化特性及水化学环境分析

泥炭藓是贫营养泥炭类型中的建群植物，由于生态水环境主要靠大气降水补给，少受其他水源的污染，可自然反映古降水、古湿度的情况，所以是古气候研究最理想的纤维素同位素测试材料之一。因此，弄清我国贫营养泥炭沉积的物质组成及水化学环境特征，具有重要意义。笔根据多年来的国内外野外调查，结合收集到的资料，以东北大小兴安岭山地的泥炭辞贫营养泥炭地为基础，与美国、加拿大以及俄罗斯等国家的同类泥炭地相比较，对我国贫营养泥炭沉积的物质组成、理化特性及水化学环境做了系统的分析研究，并就此讨论了湿地保护中的一些实际问题，以及相应的对策。     

泥炭档案气候变化重建的定量模型

泥炭档案气候变化重建的定量模型＊陶发祥洪业汤（中国科学院地球化学研究所，贵阳５５０００２）李汉鼎冷雪天（东北师范大学地理系，长春１３００２４）关键词泥炭档案纤维素稳定同位素气候变化定量模型用泥炭档案定量重建大气ＣＯ２浓度的研究已取得重要进展［１］，但...     

中国兴凯湖北岸平原晚全新世花粉记录及泥炭沼泽形成

通过兴凯湖北岸平原泥炭剖面高分辩率花粉分析研究，对晚全新世花粉划分4个组合带。XKH-4组合时期(1857～1746aB．P．)为沼泽发育前期，这一时期花粉浓度小，陆生草本植物占优势，气候干冷。XKH-3组合时期(1746～1287aB．P．)为沼泽发育早期，这一时期花粉浓度较大，且水生植物花粉含量为剖面最高，喜温落叶阔叶植物大发展时期，气候温和湿润。XKH-2组合时期(1287～602aB．P．)为沼泽发育中期，这一时期花粉浓度最小，但以陆生草本植物为主，木本植物为辅，水生植物急剧减少，针叶植物出现两次高峰，气候向冷干方向发展。XKH-1组合时期(602aB．P．至今)为沼泽发育盛期，这一时期花粉浓度最大，陆生草本植物大发展时期，气候波动较大。     

Replicability and variability of the recent macrofossil and proxy-climate record from raised bogs: field stratigraphy and macrofossil data from Bolton Fell Moss and Walton Moss,Cumbria, England

Replication of results is a basic tenet of science, but in palaeoecology this is very time-consuming and the ‘signal’ is subject to ‘noise’. The derivation of proxy-climate signals from ombrotrophic peat was carried out originally using samples from open peat faces where the stratigraphic relationships could be easily observed. Now that such sections are rare and often degraded there is a need to demonstrate that data can be replicated from core profiles. Ten short cores taken from two adjacent bogs have been analysed for macrofossils and show a coherent series of changes, which are also similar to previous profiles from the same sites. It is concluded that variation between profiles is slight and less than observations of present vegetation mosaics might suggest. Recommendations for a standard approach to fieldwork on raised bogs that emphasises the utility of subfossil pool layers are proposed and the need for a secure chronology is stressed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Depositional,soft sediment and post‐consolidation structures in a Palaeozoic aqueoglacial sequence

The development of a thin peat layer over metamorphic rock during the last cold stage in the Louisa and Melaleuca Plains and at Birch's Inlet, Tasmania, has recently been reported. This paper presents results of a numerical model on permafrost growth and decay, which explores the possibility of the development of a thin layer of permafrost for this particular depositional setting at the end of the last cold stage in Tasmania. The increase in thermal conductivity of peat sediments under frozen conditions results in a preferred penetration of the cold winter wave (in comparison to the summer wave) into the subsurface. The results of the model calculations suggest the development of a several metres‐thick permafrost layer, even under slightly positive mean annual temperatures in the region.     

有机质在中国东北部森林沼泽区化探异常追踪和查证中的应用

在东北森林沼泽区的几个矿区(点)上,通过以泥炭、腐殖层土壤为采样介质的区域化探异常追踪查证方法技术试验研究,发现Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn等主要成矿元素的测量结果与水系碎屑沉积物、残坡积物的基本一致,对矿体均有良好的反映.研究结果表明在这类景观区化探找矿工作中有机质是可以利用的.     

草炭土路基处理方法研究

为选择合适的草炭土路基处理方法，通过理论分析，对工程实例中遇到的草炭土路基，拟定塑料排水板法和砂桩挤密法处理措施，并对两种方法的处理效果进行了对比。研究结果表明砂桩挤密法无论是从提高固结度，加快草炭土路基固结，还是减小工后沉降，保证路基运营稳定方面都要优于塑料排水板法。砂桩挤密法更适用于草炭土路基处理。