南海北部鱼类石油烃含量地理差异原因浅析

比较了南海北部海洋鱼类石油烃含量的地理差异,结果表明：被研究的5个海区中,广州湾海洋鱼类的石油烃含量明显高于北部湾（p＜0.05）和红海湾（P＜0．05）,该3个海区和珠江口明显高于台湾浅滩（p＜0.01）,其余的两两之间没有统计学差异（p＞0．05）。利用海洋环境质量调查和监测资料进行分析,说明这种地理分布特征与南海北部近岸海域的石油烃污染有直接关系。     

近50a来巴楚县沙尘天气的变化趋势及原因分析

利用巴楚国家基本气象站1961-2010年的大风及沙尘天气日数资料,采用线性变化趋势方法,分析巴楚县大风、沙尘天气的时空分布特征,沙尘天气的变化特点及趋势,并初步探讨沙尘天气日数变化的气候原因。分析结果表明, 该地区出现的沙尘天气主要以浮尘为主,扬沙次之,大风和沙尘暴最少。沙尘的出现时间具有明显的季节性和年际变化,每年的3-10月是沙尘天气的多发时段;近50a来大风和沙尘天气日数明显减少。沙尘天气与当地大风和降水量有密切关系,偏西北大风能引起沙尘天气发生的概率性最大;降水量与沙尘暴发生日数之间的关系也呈现出负相关,降水偏多的年份,沙尘天气就偏少。     

通辽气象站地面自动观测与人工观测气象数据差异分析

利用通辽国家基本站2011年逐日20时气温、湿度、气压资料,分析了自动观测与同期人工观测数据的差异及产生差值的可能原因。分析认为:仪器的测量原理、感应原件的不同、仪器本身的系统误差、观测的时空差异和人为主观因素以及环境因素、采样和算法的不同是造成自动观测与人工观测数据产生差值的主要原因。     

北京市矿产资源利用现状调查核查前后资源储量变化原因分析

北京市矿产资源利用现状调查,查明了北京市煤、铁、锰,铜、铬、铅、锌、铝土、鸽、钼、金、银、硫铁矿,萤石、饰面用大理岩、水泥用灰岩共计16个矿种的核查任务,最终形成了140个上表核查单元。通过分析核查前后资源储量变化情况,总结了11类变化原因：未上表矿区纳入、漏上表、错误上表、重复上表等等。文章通过分析对比,查明了核查前后资源储量的变化原因,提高了核查结果的可信度,为北京市矿产资源利用现状调查成果与矿产资源储量数据库衔接,提供了可靠的基础资料。为北京市矿政管理,提供了扎实的基础数据支撑。     

Japan’s <Emphasis Type="Italic">Jishu-bosai-soshiki</Emphasis> community activities: analysis of its role in participatory community disaster risk management

Jishu-bosai-soshiki, or Jishubo for short, with a literal meaning of “autonomous organization for disaster reduction”, is a neighborhood association for disaster preparedness and rescue activity. In this paper, the role of Jishubo in the context of participatory disaster management in Japan is discussed. Although the formation of Jishubo is not legally mandated, local governments exercise a great deal of persuasion on the inhabitants of their community to organize and participate in disaster management activities. Therefore, participants in Jishubo activities tend to be guided and mobilized with a soft touch by local governments rather than being truly self-motivated, with the objective of reducing disaster risks in their residential areas. There have been several studies on community participatory management conducted in a number of countries, including New Zealand, the USA and Europe, which will serve as a reference in our study. However interesting, the cultural comparison of the “Western” and “Japanese” approaches to community disaster management, is beyond the scope of this paper, the aim of which is to determine a case of community disaster management in Japan. This paper addresses the background behind the development of Jishubo and discusses the uniqueness and limits of this softly mobilized participatory movement in Japan. Based on a case study in Kishiwada City, Osaka, the motivations driving people to participate in disaster management activities organized for Jishubo members is examined. In conclusion, we derive some policy implications and suggest possible approaches for improving the effectiveness of Jishubo and increasing the motivation of people to participate. We also propose that the roles of administrative bodies in Japan, such as non-profit organizations, be better incorporated into community’s participatory disaster reduction activities.