西藏冈底斯地区水系格局与新构造活动关系的遥感研究

运用RS和GIS技术,以青藏高原冈底斯地区遥感影像图的制作和水系格局详细解译为基础,结合冈底斯地区线性构造解译,分析了冈底斯地区水系的展布特征和活动构造对水系的控制作用,认为冈底斯地块在新近纪以来随青藏高原整体隆升的同时,区内断隆带和断陷带的隆升速率和强度又有显著差异; 伴随强烈的隆升过程,在地体内发育大量不同性质的近NS向断裂构造,冈底斯地区水系的分布和形态明显受该区新构造运动的控制。     

帕米尔东北侧邻区第四纪新构造活动规律

帕米尔东北侧邻区新构造活动具有幅度巨大,阶段性继承性明显,现今活动性强烈等特点。以帕米尔高原隆升为背景,研究了帕米尔东北侧邻区的新构造运动及地震活动的规律,通过有限元数值模拟,分析了第四纪新构造活动的应力场,并进一步探讨了新构造运动与地震活动的力源机制。     

Geomorphic expression of neotectonic activity in a low relief area in an Airborne Laser Scanning DTM: A case study of the Little Hungarian Plain (Pannonian Basin)

The NW corner of the Little Hungarian Plain, which lies at the junction of the Eastern Alps, the Pannonian Basin and the Western Carpathians, is a neotectonically active region linking the extrusional tectonics of the Eastern Alps with the partly subsiding Little Hungarian Plain. The on-going deformation is verified by the earthquake activity in the region. An extremely flat part of the area, east of Neusiedlersee, the so-called Seewinkel, has been investigated with Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS, also known as airborne LiDAR) techniques, resulting in a digital terrain model (DTM) with a 1 m grid resolution and vertical precision of better than 10 cm. The DTM has been compared with known and inferred neotectonic features.Potential neotectonic structures of the DTM have been evaluated, together with geological maps, regional tectono-geomorphic studies, geophysical data, earthquake foci, as well as geomorphological features and the Quaternary sediment thickness values of the Seewinkel and the adjacent Parndorfer plateau. A combined evaluation of these data allows several tectonic features with a relief of < 2 m to be recognized in the DTM. The length of these linear geomorphological structures ranges from several hundred meters up to several kilometers. The most prominent feature forms a 15 km long, linear, 2 m high NE–SW trending ridge with gravel occurrences having an average grain size of ca. 5 cm on its top. We conclude this feature to represent the surface expression of the previously recognized Mönchhof Fault. In general, this multi-disciplinary case study shows that ALS DTMs are extremely important for tectono-geomorphic investigations, as they can detect and accurately locate neotectonic structures, especially in low-relief areas.     

The relationship between the earthquakes of Ningbo area and the Neotectonic movement

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攀西地区晚新生代沉积研究回顾与问题讨论

攀西地区晚新生代沉积是研究青藏高原东南缘隆升演化历史及其周缘环境响应、中国第一第二阶梯地貌格局演变和高原东南缘水系变迁的天然地质记录,具有重要科学意义。对该区晚新生代河湖相沉积,尤其是昔格达组和大箐梁子组的研究历史、岩性内涵、形成时代、古地理与古气候意义等进行了较全面的回顾。在此基础上对晚新生代冰碛物记录的冰川发育过程、青藏高原东南缘新构造运动和隆升历史、水系格局变迁等过程进行了评述。针对该区晚新生代沉积研究中存在的问题和分歧,提出了今后研究的方向,认为在详细的地层学和地貌学等综合研究基础上开展高精度的年代学研究是当前攀西地区晚新生代沉积研究的重点。     

Characteristics of boundary fault systems and its hydrocarbon controlling on hydrocarbon accumulation in Awati Sag,Tarim Basin,China

Based on the interpretation of two-dimensional seismic data, this paper analyzes the characteristics of three boundary fault systems including the Shajingzi fault, the Aqia fault and the Tumuxiuke fault around the Awati sag of the Tarim Basin, and studies its controlling on hydrocarbon accumulation. Neotectonic movement is ubiquitous in oil and gas bearing basins in China, such as Neogene intense activities of large boundary thrusting faults of the Awati sag: Shajingzi fault, Aqia fault and Tumuxiuke fault. Based on a large number of seismic data, it is showed that they have section wise characteristics in the direction of fault strike, and active periods and associated structures formed of different sections are different. Usually, large anticlinal structures are formed in the upper wall, and faulted anticline controlled by companion faults are formed in the bottom wall. Large faults cut the strata from Cambrian up to Neogene. For the anticline in the upper wall, fault activities caused by neotectonic movement played a destructive role in hydrocarbon accumulation, thus the preservation condition is critical for reservoir formation. In this sense, attention should be paid to formations in the upper walls of Aqia fault and Tumuxiuke fault under the Cambrian salt bed, whose plastic deformation could help to heal faults. Companion faults in the bottom wall cut down to the Cambrian and up to the Triassic serving as the pathway for hydrocarbon migration, and associated structures in the bottom wall are noteworthy exploration targets.©2019 China Geology Editorial Office.     

论株洲—湘潭地区的新构造运动

通过对广泛存在于株洲一湘潭地区的新构造的野外调查,依据获取的新构造变形,地貌、水系,现代沉积物等大量实际资料,划分了八个新构造次级单元——构造亚块体及五个新构造活动带。构造亚块体有五次较明显的由早到晚幅度递减的间歇性抬升,新构造活动带变形强度与基底断裂规模成正比,同位素测年获其主要构造变形时间为3.9—5.5万年。     

华南沿海沉积盆地的新构造运动及其与地震的关系

华南沿海大多数中新生代沉积盆地属于断陷盆地，分析这类盆地的演化发育可以将其划分为完成型、继承型和新生型三类，它们的新构造运动特征，尤其是第四纪以来的活动性有明显差异。通过地质地貌方法初步估算了三类盆地的垂直构造运动的速率，在进行对比后认为，其构造运动的强度与地震活动有密切关系。指出三类盆地主要分布地区的两条地质界线对划分我国东南沿海地震可能有一定意义。     

从新构造应力场论公路水毁问题——兼论地貌发育的对抗性原理

根据沙依德格尔的对抗性原理，研究了新构造应力场对公路水毁的影响问题，发现在高应力区，如果公路走向平行于新构造应力场的剪切面或垂直于这个应力场的主压应力方向，公路的稳定性即将变坏。     

南海南部地洼区新构造运动及其动力学机制

本文根据南海南部地洼区的岩石圈动力学环境，把本区新构造运动类型划分为拉张型、挤压型、平移剪切型和旋动型，并对其构造演化与动力学模式进行了初步分析。