Distinguished Effects of Interannual Salinity Variability on the Development of the Central-Pacific El Nino Events

El Nio events in the central equatorial Pacific (CP) are gaining increased attention,due to their increasing intensity within the global warming context.Various physical processes have been identified in the climate system that can be responsible for the modulation of El Nio,especially the effects of interannual salinity variability.In this work,a comprehensive data analysis is performed to illustrate the effects of interannual salinity variability using surface and subsurface salinity fields from the Met Office ENSEMBLES (EN3) quality controlled ocean dataset.It is demonstrated that during the developing phase of an El Nio event,a negative sea surface salinity (SSS) anomaly in the western-central basin acts to freshen the mixed layer (ML),decrease oceanic density in the upper ocean,and stabilize the upper layers.These related oceanic processes tend to reduce the vertical mixing and entrainment of subsurface water at the base of the ML,which further enhances the warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with the El Nio event.However,the effects of interannually variable salinity are much more significant during the CP-El Nio than during the eastern Pacific (EP) El Nio,indicating that the salinity effect might be an important contributor to the development of CP-El Nio events.     

浅谈欧洲规范Eurocode 8-结构抗震设计

简单介绍了欧洲规范(Eurocodes)的基本情况,概括给出了欧洲规范8-结构抗震设计的基本内容和特点,进而在抗震设计基本要求、建筑抗震概念设计基本原则两个方面与我国建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011-2001)进行了比较和评述,然后在场地类别、地震作用和结构抗震验算等几个方面对两规范进行了简单的对比和评述。     

一类ENSO事件与四川地区粮食产量的相关分析

本文对1949年以来出现的10次ENSO事件进行了分析,得出如下结果:开始於东太平洋增暖和中大平洋增暖的两类ENSO现象分别对应四川地区粮食产量的减产和增产。此结果对四川地区粮食生产政策的制定及产量的预测研究均有较重要的参考价值。     

北欧海比容高度及其与卫星高度计海表面高度异常的比较

In this study the steric height anomaly which is calculated from the hydrological data(EN3) is compared with the sea level anomaly derived from satellite altimetry in the Nordic Seas. The overall pattern of steric height is that it is higher in the margin area and lower in the middle area. The extreme values of steric height linear change from1993 to 2010 occur in the Lofoten Basin and off the Norwegian coast, respectively. Such a distribution may be partly attributed to the freshening trend of the Nordic Seas. The correlation between SLA(sea level anomaly) and SHA(steric height anomaly) is not uniform over the Nordic Seas. The time series of SLA and SHA agree well in the Lofoten Basin and northern Norwegian Basin, and worse in the northern Norwegian Sea, implying that the baroclinic effect plays a dominant role in most areas in the Norwegian Sea and the barotropic effect plays a dominant role in the northern Norwegian Sea. The weaker correlations between SLA and SHA in the Greenland and Iceland Seas lead a conclusion that the barotropic contribution is significant in these areas. The area-mean SHA over the entire Nordic Seas has similar amplitudes compared with the SLA during 1996–2002, but SHA has become lower than SLA, being less than half of SLA since 2006.     

郴州西山地区银铅锌矿床地质特征及找矿方向

西山地区已发现枞树板、南风坳、铁石垄等大、中型银铅锌矿床、矿点28处，其中热液充填型矿床最为重要。赋矿地层以震旦系浅变质碎屑岩为主，矿体严格受NE30°～60°断裂控制，多呈脉状，个别呈透镜状、扁豆状，走向长数百至千余米，倾向延深100～400 m，厚1～2 m。矿脉沿走向和倾向常出现分枝复合、膨大缩小、尖灭再现等现象。矿石品位（%）：Pb 2.84～7.83、Zn 1.88～4.50、Ag 52.33～242.21 g/t。硅化、绿泥石化、铁帽、老窿、炉渣等为直接找矿标志。圈出了3个找矿远景区，找矿潜力大。     

Displacement – based parametric study on the seismic response of gravity earth-retaining walls

The essence of performance-based design of gravity earth-retaining structures lies in the estimation of the residual (i.e. permanent) displacements after a seismic event. The accomplishment of this task however can be very complicated due to two interacting phenomena: the coupled sliding and tilting rigid body motion of the wall on an inelastic base and the formation of failure surfaces in the soil backfill. In this study a large number of fully non-linear, time-history analyses of gravity retaining walls (GRW) were performed using advanced numerical modelling. Different types of soil parameters and varying wall geometry within a practical range were investigated. The influence of different ground motion parameters was discussed and the results were compared with some of the most common limit equilibrium Newmark׳s sliding block procedures, including the recommendations by Eurocode 8, Part 5 [20]. Lastly, some recommendations for fast preliminary assessment of the seismic permanent displacements of GRW were provided.     

The long-term behaviour of the pulsation periods and amplitudes of the β Cephei star 16 (EN) Lacertae

The blue-light observations of this pulsating and eclipsing variable (BCEP+EA) cover an interval from 1950 to 1992. The out-of-eclipse (that is, pulsational) variation contains three sinusoidal terms with variable amplitudes. In our 1996 paper (JP96), based on the 1950–1983 data, we showed that for the first two terms, having frequencies equal to about 5.9112 and 5.8551 d⁻¹, the amplitudes varied with time-scales of the order of 50 yr. The remaining term formed a doublet with constant amplitudes and frequencies close to 5.5033 d⁻¹, resulting in a beat-period of 1.85 yr. In the present paper we confirm this picture using additional data, derive improved values of the time-scales and refine the parameters of the doublet. In addition, we determine the year-to-year variation of the epochs of maximum light of the first two terms. This allows us to account for (1) the ground-based blue-filter observations that were not extensive enough to be used in the analysis, and (2) the Hp magnitudes from the Hipparcos mission. In particular, we demonstrate that the period of 0.171 203 d, given in the Hipparcos Variability Annex , is spurious.