Hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in a Mediterranean coastal aquifer, Mersin-Erdemli basin (Turkey)

In this study, hydrogeologic and hydrochemical information from the Mersin-Erdemli groundwater system were integrated and used to determine the main factors and mechanisms controlling the chemistry of groundwaters in the area and anthropogenic factors presently affecting them. The PHREEQC geochemical modeling demonstrated that relatively few phases are required to derive water chemistry in the area. In a broad sense, the reactions responsible for the hydrochemical evolution in the area fall into four categories: (1) silicate weathering reactions; (2) dissolution of salts; (3) precipitation of calcite, amorphous silica and kaolinite; (4) ion exchange. As determined by multivariate statistical analysis, anthropogenic factors show seasonality in the area where most contaminated waters related to fertilizer and fungicide applications that occur during early summer season.     

基于粗糙集的K--均值聚类算法在遥感影像分割中的应用

结合粗糙集理论和K——均值聚类算法，提出一种遥感影像的粗糙聚类分割方法。根据遥感影像中特征属性的相互依赖关系，应用粗糙集理论的等价关系。求出K——均值聚类所需要的初始类的个数和均值。然后采用聚类算法对图像进行分割。实验结果表明该方法比随机选取聚类的中心点和个数减少了运算量．提高了分类精度和准确性。     

合肥市雾日气象条件分析

利用合肥市气象观测站2005—2009年常规观测资料,统计分析了该市雾的月、季变化,及雾日地面气象要素特征;同时,应用后向轨迹和聚类分析的方法,研究了雾日大尺度输送特征。结果表明,合肥雾日数12月最多,7月最少;雾日局地气象条件表现为高湿、微风、偏东或西北风向;合肥雾日与输送形势关系密切,雾日近地层(10 m)以偏东方向的轨迹最多,在边界层中上部(1 000 m)以西南轨迹和本地轨迹最多。     

新疆地区表土孢粉空间分布规律研究

中国新疆地区表土花粉研究结果展示了干旱区主要孢粉的空间分布规律,大部分表土花粉属种的地理空间分布与含量与相应植物的分布区域基本一致,藜科、蒿属、麻黄属及木本植物云杉属、桦木属等花粉普遍呈超代表性,柽柳属花粉呈低代表性。干旱区主要草灌木表土花粉数据的聚类分析结果可以基本反映本区植物群落的主要生态组合类型。主成分分析进一步表明该区草本和灌木花粉分布主要受水文和湿度等因素控制。     

陕西省生态农业干旱区划研究

选取主要气候变量、地质土壤类型、水文、径流特征、地表植被类型及分布等10个影响陕西省生态农业干旱因子,利用K-Means Clustel‘Analysis(快速聚类法)和Hierarchical Cluster Analy-sis(分层聚类法)相结合的方法,对陕西省生态农业干旱区划进行研究,将陕西地区划分为8个生态农业干旱相似区,并对区划合理性进行了检验.分析表明:采用生态因子和干旱因子相结合的聚类分析方法能够较好地反映陕西省生态农业干旱实际情况,充分地体现"陕西省生态农业干旱"的空间分布特征,具有较强的科学性.     

地气测量在粤北某铀矿区的试验研究

在粤北某花岗岩铀矿勘查区开展了地气测量探测隐伏铀矿的试验研究.通过对勘查区4号和19号勘探线的快速地气取样,获取了U、Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn、Sr和稀土等38种元素信息.利用聚类分析、Pearson相关性分析以及稀土配分、Eu异常判断等方法对矿体的地气异常进行了研究,结果表明,U、Mn、Sr、Zn等地气异常在矿体上方或矿体边缘位置有不同程度的显示;U异常与Mn、Sr、Eu、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ho有较好的相关性;矿体上方地气异常区具有相似的稀土配分模式和负Eu异常.这些特征可以作为判定隐伏铀矿矿致地气异常的依据.     

用于数值分类的聚类分析

这里所谓聚类分析包括传统的聚类分析和作者提出的聚类统计检验分析。传统的聚类分析是常用的重要数值分类方法。但是，这个方法由于缺乏显著性检验，在国际上已长期公认是一个在多元统计中并不完整的方法。本文把聚类统计检验分析在其具有显著性检验的优越性上，和传统聚类分析作了对比分析。聚类统计检验分析区分有均匀聚类与中心聚类。前者用（１６）作为聚类判据，后者则用（２７），并且各用相应的公式（１７）－（２１）与（２     

Multivariate analysis of fluorescence and source identification of dissolved organic matter in Jiaozhou Bay, China

Hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) methods were used to assess the similarities and dissimilarities of the entire Excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMs) data sets of samples collected from Jiaozhou Bay, China. The results demonstrate that multivariate analysis facilitates the complex data treatment and spectral sorting processes, and also enhances the probability to reveal otherwise hidden information concerning the chemical characteristics of the dissolved organic matter (DOM). The distribution of different water samples as revealed by multivariate results has been used to track the movement of DOM material in the study area, and the interpretation is supported by the results obtained from the numerical simulation model of substance tracing technique, which show that the substance discharged by Haibo River can be distributed in Jiaozhou Bay.     

Finite-difference model of land subsidence caused by cluster loads in Zhengzhou,China

Groundwater exploitation has been regarded as the main reason for land subsidence in China and thus receives considerable attention from the government and the academic community.Recently,building loads have been identified as another important factor of land subsidence,but researches in this sector have lagged.The effect of a single building load on land subsidence was neglected in many cases owing to the narrow scope and the limited depth of the additional stress in stratum.However,due to the superposition of stresses between buildings,the additional stress of cluster loads is greater than that of a single building load under the same condition,so that the land subsidence caused by cluster loads cannot be neglected.Taking Shamen village in the north of Zhengzhou,China,as an example,a finite-difference model based on the Biot consolidation theory to calculate the land subsidence caused by cluster loads was established in this paper.Cluster loads present the characteristics of large-area loads,and the land subsidence caused by cluster loads can have multiple primary consolidation processes due to the stress superposition of different buildings was shown by the simulation results.Pore water migration distances are longer when the cluster loads with high plot ratio are imposed,so that consolidation takes longer time.The higher the plot ratio is,the deeper the effective deformation is,and thus the greater the land subsidence is.A higher plot ratio also increases the contribution that the deeper stratigraphic layers make to land subsidence.Contrary to the calculated results of land subsidence caused by cluster loads and groundwater recession,the percentage of settlement caused by cluster loads in the total settlement was 49.43%and 55.06%at two simulated monitoring points,respectively.These data suggest that the cluster loads can be one of the main causes of land subsidence.     

Analysis of geographical disparities in temporal trends of health outcomes using space–time joinpoint regression

Analyzing temporal trends in health outcomes can provide a more comprehensive picture of the burden of a disease like cancer and generate new insights about the impact of various interventions. In the United States such an analysis is increasingly conducted using joinpoint regression outside a spatial framework, which overlooks the existence of significant variation among U.S. counties and states with regard to the incidence of cancer. This paper presents several innovative ways to account for space in joinpoint regression: (1) prior filtering of noise in the data by binomial kriging and use of the kriging variance as measure of reliability in weighted least-square regression, (2) detection of significant boundaries between adjacent counties based on tests of parallelism of time trends and confidence intervals of annual percent change of rates, and (3) creation of spatially compact groups of counties with similar temporal trends through the application of hierarchical cluster analysis to the results of boundary analysis. The approach is illustrated using time series of proportions of prostate cancer late-stage cases diagnosed yearly in every county of Florida since 1980s. The annual percent change (APC) in late-stage diagnosis and the onset years for significant declines vary greatly across Florida. Most counties with non-significant average APC are located in the north-western part of Florida, known as the Panhandle, which is more rural than other parts of Florida. The number of significant boundaries peaked in the early 1990s when prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test became widely available, a temporal trend that suggests the existence of geographical disparities in the implementation and/or impact of the new screening procedure, in particular as it began available.