青藏高原区域抬升对轨道尺度亚洲季风调制效应的模拟研究

本研究利用大气环流模式, 基于青藏高原及周边区域的8个地形抬升情景, 并考虑地球轨道参数(强弱岁差和高低地轴倾角)组合, 开展了24组敏感性数值试验, 集中研究了地形抬升对轨道尺度欧亚内陆干旱和季风降水的调制作用。结果分析表明, 整体而言, 青藏高原区域地形的阶段性逐步抬升调制的欧亚大陆降水对岁差和地轴倾角的响应具有类似的分布特征, 但响应强度略有差异。此外, 不同地形抬升情景下, 降水对轨道强迫的响应呈现出区域差异。其中, 亚洲内陆干旱区是区域地形调制轨道强迫作用的高敏感区域, 尤其伊朗高原抬升有效强化了轨道导致的降水增加信号; 青藏高原中部、东部和北部的抬升则通过引导季风环流向北辐合加强, 增强了岁差和地轴倾角引起的北东亚季风降水幅度; 伊朗高原抬升有效地加强了中国黄土高原降水对地轴倾角的响应。这些试验结果揭示青藏高原是东亚夏季季风的轨道尺度变率的潜在影响因子, 这可为地质记录揭示的季风在轨道时间尺度上变率强化现象提供机制上的解释。

     

An improved diagnostic stratocumulus scheme based on estimated inversion strength and its performance in GAMIL2

Based on satellite data and the estimated inversion strength (EIS) derived by Wood et al. (2006), a feasible and uncomplicated stratocumulus scheme is proposed, referred to as EIS scheme. It improves simulation of cloud radiative forcing (CRF) in the Grid-point Atmospheric Model of IAP/LASG version 2 (GAMIL2.0) model. When compared with the original lower troposphere stability (LTS) scheme, the EIS scheme reproduces more reasonable climatology distributions of clouds and CRF. The parameterization partly corrects CRF underestimation at mid and high latitudes and overestimation in the convective region. Such improvements are achieved by neglecting the effect of free-tropospheric stratification changes that follow a cooler moist adiabat at middle and high latitude, thereby improving simulated cloudiness. The EIS scheme also improves simulation of the CRF interannual variability. The positive net CRF and negative stratiform anomaly in the East Asian and western North Pacific monsoon regions (EAWNPMR) are well simulated. The EIS scheme is more sensitive to sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) than the LTS. Therefore, under the effect of a warmer SSTA in the EAWNPMR, the EIS generates a stronger negative stratiform response, which reduces radiative heating in the low and mid troposphere, in turn producing strong subsidence and negative anomalies of both moisture and cloudiness. Consequent decreases in cloud reflection and shading effects ultimately improve simulation of incoming surface shortwave radiative fluxes and CRF. Because of the stronger subsidence, a stronger anomalous anticyclone over the Philippines Sea is simulated by the EIS run, which leads to a better positive precipitation anomaly in eastern China during ENSO winter.     

一个有限差分大气环流模式的并行效率

适合于大规模并行处理机（ＭＰＰ）的中国科学院大气物理研究所新一代九层大气环流模式（ＩＡＰ ９Ｌ ＡＧＣＭ）被发展成功。本文描述了并行模式的设计原则,给出了该模式的并行版本在我国几种主要的并行机上的并行执行效率数据。采用消息传递方式（ＭＰＩ）的区域分解方法用于实现程序的并行,结果表明,对于该模式,只有一维区域分解方法才能取得较好的并行可扩展性,即随着处理器的增加而能得到相应较好的并行加速比和并行效率。     

应用九层全球大气格点模式进行跨季度短期气候预测系统性试验

利用中国科学院大气物理研究所9层大气环流模式（IAP9L AGCM）对夏季气候进行了30年（ 1970～1999年）集合回报试验,并采用统计学分析方法对跨季度夏季短期气候的可预测性问 题进行了初步探讨. 结果表明,该模式对对流层中、高层大气环流的预测能力强于低层,位 势高度场和表面气温的可预测性最大,而降水的可预测性则相对较小. 对流层中、高层位势 高度场的可预测性基本呈带状分布,越靠近赤道可预测性越高;而降水的可预测性基本局限 于赤道东太平洋及热带个别区域. 由此可见,降水的预测极为困难和复杂,订正系 统的研究和寻找新的预报物理因子非常重要.      

青藏高原对亚洲季风平均环流影响的数值试验

利用垂直方向具有９层σ面、,水平方向菱形截断波烽为１５的全球在气环充谱 有、无青藏高原大地形两种情况下１０年积分的模拟结果,研究了青藏高原大地形对亚洲季风平均环流的影响。结果表明：有、无青藏高原大地形、亚洲冬、青季季风流均存在很大的差异：去除地形,使夏季高层的南亚高压、低层的在陆热低压、副热带高压及冬季的大陆冷高压在位置或强度上发生了改变;地形的有,无决定着冬季东亚大槽的强度;索在越赤道气流有地形     

用一个耦合的全球格点大气环流模式-植被模式模拟中全新世气候变化

用一个耦合的全球格点大气环流模式－植被模式模拟中全新世的气候变化,模拟试验中考虑了地球轨道参数的变化,而其他强迫条件均取成现今值。结果表明,耦合的模式能够模拟出较今强的大尺度夏季风,特别是亚洲－非洲季风,而其他季节和区域的变化值一般都比较小。季风环流和季风降水都大幅度地增大了。结果还显示,耦合模式模拟的大尺度季风系统的变化同单纯大气环流模式模拟的结果非常相似,但是,在非洲北部季风区耦合模式模拟的降水和温度变化较单纯大气模式模拟的值要大,而且,耦合模式模拟的冬季降温值要比单纯大气模式模拟的结果小。     

The Relationship between the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet and Summer Precipitation over East Asia as Simulated by the IAP AGCM4.0

Based on a 30-year Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project（AMIP） simulation using IAP AGCM4.0, the relationship between the East Asian subtropical westerly jet（EASWJ） and summer precipitation over East Asia has been investigated, and compared with observation. It was found the meridional displacement of the EASWJ has a closer relationship with the precipitation over East Asia both from model simulation and observation, with an anomalous southward shift of EASWJ being conducive to rainfall over the Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley（YHRV）, and an anomalous northward shift resulting in less rainfall over the YHRV. However, the simulated precipitation anomalies were found to be weaker than observed from the composite analysis, and this would be related to the weakly reproduced mid-upper-level convergence in the mid-high latitudes and ascending motion in the lower latitudes.