地学论文字母书写和标示的一般规则

为准确地表达地学领域的各项科技含义,在地学论文的正文、表格和插图中,外文及汉语拼音字母使用得非常普遍。本文就地学论文字母正确书写和标示的一般规则,参照现颁国家标准及有关规范,分别按正、斜体,大、小写等四种情况,分列明细予以介绍。     

Mantle processes during ocean formation：Petrologic records in peridotites from the Alpine－Apennine ophiolites

Mantle peridotites were early exposed at the sea-floor of the Jurassic Tethys derived from the subcontinental mantle of the Europe-Adria system. During continental rifting and oceanic spreading, these lithospheric peri-dotites were percolated via diffuse reactive porous flowby melt fractions produced by near-fractional melting of the upwelling asthenosphere. Ascending melts inter-acted with the lower lithosphere, dissolving pyroxenes and precipitating olivine, and crystallized at shallower levels in the mantle column causing melt impregnation.Subsequent focused porous flow formed replacive dunitechannels, cutting the impregnated oeridotites, which were conduits for upward migration of MORB-type liq-uids. Melt migration produced depletionlrefertilization and significant heating of the percolatedlimpregnated mantle, i.e the thermochemical erosion of the litho-sphere. Impregnated and thermally modified lithos-pheric mantle was cooled by conductive heat loss dur-ing progressive lithosphere thinning and was intrudeaby MORB magmas, which formed Mg-rich and Fe-richgabbroic dykes and bodies. Alpine-Apennine ophiolitic peridotites record the deep-seated migration of melts which changed their compositions and dynamics during the rift evolution. The thermochemical erosion of the lithospheric mantle by the ascending asthenospheric melts, which induces significant compositional and rhe-ological changes in the lower lithosphere, is a major process in the evolution of the continent-ocean transi-tion towards a slow spreading oceanic system.     

宁远保安地区基性─超基性火山岩基本特征

本文论述了保安地区火山岩的地质、岩石、副矿物、岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素、稳定同位素、火山岩相及火山机构等特征。并对其演化规律、形成机制与成矿作用的关系，作了初步探讨。     

天津风暴潮灾与形成机制

文章从分析风暴潮的危害入手，探讨了风暴潮灾的形成原因，指出：异常天气系统的出现、天文大潮前后、地理环境因素和人类经济活动四条件相叠加，即会造成破坏性很强的风暴潮灾。针对同暴潮灾形成机制，提出相应的防治对策，以避免灾害的损失。     

关于Barban定理的推广

本文将Barban定理中和式形式加以推广,得到关于函数μ(n)的这种和式的估计。     

弧后盆地的形成

本文就弧后盆地及其形成的动力学模式进行了简要地讨论，认为在岛（山）弧后方除现今所通称的弧后盆地以外，尚可存在广义上的弧后盆地。它们远离弧体位置，但由于俯冲带的远端“抬头”，同样可引起地壳的裂陷，其构造作用叠加于先期断陷带之上。     

南海中部翼足类和异足类生态的初步研究

记述了南海中部海域翼足类和异足类的数量变化、群落结构特征及垂直分布的状况,并分析了翼足类和异足类的分布与海区环境因子的关系.     

等离子体技术及其在地质上的应用

激光烧蚀微探针等离子体质谱的地质应用。自1989年以来，我们实验室就积极开展了激光烧蚀微探针(LAM)试样引入系统的研究工作，这种技术适合于ICP—MS分析地质样品中小体积矿物(激光烧蚀孔穴直径低于10—100μm)．对某些样品．采用Nd：YAG激光的基本IR波长(1064nm)，作为多数用途，4倍频率(uv)的波长(266nm)能产生较小的直径，并较好地形成孔穴．