含氮化合物废气选择性催化氧化技术研究进展

通过对当前含氮化合物废气治理技术的对比分析,总结选择性催化氧化的相关技术优势。根据对含氮化合物的种类及来源分析,介绍氨气、腈类、胺类及其他含氮化合物的催化净化技术。重点总结催化剂的种类、研发进展和在实际使用中可能遇到的问题,同时展望含氮化合物废气选择性催化氧化技术的研发方向。     

Selective and nonselective wet etching of Zn0.9Mg0.1O/ZnO

Wet etch rates at 25°C for Zn_0.9Mg_0.1O grown on sapphire substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) were in the range 300–1100 nm · min⁻¹ with HCl/H₂O (5×10⁻³−2×10⁻² M) and 120–300 nm · min⁻¹ with H₃PO₄/H₂O (5×10⁻³−2×10⁻² M). Both of these dilute mixtures exhibited diffusion-limited etching, with thermal activation energies of 2–3 kCal · mol⁻¹. By sharp contrast, the etch rates for ZnO also grown on sapphire by PLD were much slower in similar solutions, with rates of 1.2–50 nm · min⁻¹ in HCl/H₂O (0.01–1.2 M) and 12–54 nm · min⁻¹ in H₃PO₄/H₂O (0.02–0.15 M). The etching was reaction limited over the temperature range 25–75°C, with activation energies close to 6 kCal · mol⁻¹. The resulting selectivity of Zn_0.9Mg_0.1O over ZnO can be a high as ∼400 with HCl and ∼30 with H₃PO₄.     

In situ FTIR spectroscopy on rhodium-exchanged NaX zeolite with different metal dispersion during syngas reaction

In situ FTIR spectroscopy has been applied to study the reason of the different selectivity behaviour of rhodium in the CO hydrogenation reaction in dependence on the different particle size. Several forms of molecularly adsorbed CO are observed, such as linearly- and bridgedbonded CO on metallic rhodium as well as dicarbonyl species with Rh(I) centres formed by oxidation of Rh(0) with protons in presence of CO. Furthermore, non-reactive formate, acetate, and carbonate species are produced as side products of the reaction. The higher selectivity to oxygenates, particularly to methanol, is explained by the existence of multiple-bonded CO present only on small rhodium crystallites. The multiple-bonded CO formed at low temperatures is converted at higher temperatures to the highly reactive formyl species, which is hydrogenated to methanol.     

HZSM5分子筛膜复合二氧化锡对甲烷的气敏性能研究

采用液相氧化法制备二氧化锡纳米颗粒,并利用浸渍法制备Pd负载二氧化锡纳米材料,通过丝网印刷得到气敏传感膜并在其表面印刷分子筛层。基于动态气敏测试系统探究传感器对甲烷气体的灵敏度及其在CO和乙醇干扰气体下的选择性。研究结果表明,在Pd-SnO₂敏感层表面印刷Pd-HZSM5层后,传感器对甲烷的响应能力显著提高,并且在体积分数为5×10^-4的CO存在时,对甲烷的选择性也得到明显的提升。同样,在质量分数为2×10^-5乙醇的存在下,传感器对甲烷的响应也没有受到干扰。通过对分子筛进行表征和催化分析,发现Pd-HZSM5对CO的催化效率可达100%,使得CO在扩散过程中被催化氧化,这可能是印刷Pd-HZSM5分子筛膜从而提高传感器选择性的主要原因。同时研究还表明,在敏感层表面印刷分子筛层并不会影响传感器的响应和恢复速率。     

N-甲酰吗啉芳烃抽提塔试验研究

用小型碳钢筛板萃取塔进行了宽馏分重整脱庚烷油的N 甲酰吗啉抽提试验 ,考察了抽提温度、溶剂比、溶剂含水率对总芳烃收率及选择性的影响。结果表明 ,在抽提温度为 60℃、溶剂含水为 3 % (m )和溶剂比S/F =4(V)的抽提操作条件下 ,溶剂选择性较高 ,并可获得高的芳烃回收率     

太阳能吸热功能膜材质

材质中电子能级和振转能级决定光谱的选择性。     

An evaluation of commercial nickel catalysts during hydrogenation of soybean oil

The activities of several commercial nickel catalysts were determined by measuring their activation energies. Among these catalysts, G95E, Resan 22, Nysosel 222 and 325, all with low activation energy, were more active than DM3 and G95H, which had higher activation energy. However, the less active catalysts increased the linoleate selectivity of soybean oil during hydrogenation. The yields of bothtrans isomers and winterized oil were higher for the more selectively hydrogenated oil catalyzed by the less active catalysts. In the sensory evaluation, the fractionated solid fat that contained moretrans isomers was lower in flavor scores than the fractionated liquid oil after hydrogenation and winterization of soybean oil.     

Fatty acid selectivity of lipases: Erucic acid from rapeseed oil

The fatty acid selectivity of several commercial lipases was evaluated in the hydrolysis of high-erucic acid rapeseed oil (HEARO). The lipase ofPseudomonas cepacia catalyzed virtually complete hydrolysis of the oil (94–97%), while that ofGeotrichum candidum discriminated strongly against erucic acid, especially in esterification. A two-step process is suggested for obtaining a highly enriched erucic acid in which theG. candidum lipase is employed to selectively esterify the fatty acid residues of unsaturated C-18, and shorter chain acids, from a mixture of HEARO fatty acids obtained from total hydrolysis of the oil withP. cepacia lipase.     

催化精馏合成异丙苯过程催化剂装填结构研究

为考察不同催化剂装填结构对催化精馏合成异丙苯过程的影响 ,在热态反应器中进行苯烃化催化精馏合成异丙苯的研究。反应器直径为 3 0mm ,高 2 0 0 0mm ,所用催化剂为 β改性沸石分子筛。操作压力0 .7MPa ,温度 43 0— 480K ,苯质量空速 4— 6h- 1 ,苯烯摩尔比 1.1— 2 .2 ,回流比 9— 2 0。催化剂装填结构由不锈钢填料与催化剂颗粒组成 ,三种装填结构的空隙率分别为 85 .1% ,81.6%和 79.4%。结果表明 ,对于异丙苯合成体系 ,装填结构对催化精馏的总体效果起决定性影响。在催化剂装填总量不变的前提下 ,异丙苯的选择性与丙烯的转化率均随催化剂装填结构空隙率的提高而提高。在优化条件下 ,异丙苯的选择性达97% ,丙烯转化率接近 10 0 %。催化剂装填结构对异丙苯选择性的影响比对丙烯转化率的影响更显著     

Electrooxidation of acetaldehyde on carbon-supported Pt, PtRu and Pt3Sn and unsupported PtRu0.2 catalysts: A quantitative DEMS study

The oxidation of acetaldehyde on carbon supported Pt/Vulcan, PtRu/Vulcan and Pt₃Sn/Vulcan nanoparticle catalysts and, for comparison, on polycrystalline Pt and on an unsupported PtRu_0.2 catalyst, was investigated under continuous reaction and continuous electrolyte flow conditions, employing electrochemical and quantitative differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy (DEMS) measurements. Product distribution and the effects of reaction potential and reactant concentration were investigated by potentiodynamic and potentiostatic measurements. Reaction transients, following both the Faradaic current as well as the CO₂ related mass spectrometric intensity, revealed a very small current efficiency for CO₂ formation of a few percent for 0.1 m acetaldehyde bulk oxidation under steady-state conditions on all three catalysts, the dominant oxidation product being acetic acid. Pt alloy catalysts showed a higher activity than Pt/Vulcan at lower potential (0.51 V), but do not lead to a better selectivity for complete oxidation to CO₂. C–C bond breaking is rate limiting for complete oxidation at potentials with significant oxidation rates for all three catalysts. The data agree with a parallel pathway reaction mechanism, with formation and subsequent oxidation of CO_ad and CH _{x, ad} species in the one pathway and partial oxidation to acetic acid in the other pathway, with the latter pathway being, by far, dominant under present reaction conditions.