参量阵浅地层剖面测量技术 在近岸海洋工程的应用效果

介绍了海底浅地层声学探测技术的发展情况, 简述了新型参量阵声纳探测的原理和特点, 通过SES-96参量阵测深或浅地层剖面系统在山东半岛海区的应用实例, 对此新型参量阵声纳技术的应用效果进行了分析评价。     

高频浅地层剖面技术在海底管道探测中的应用

在海底管道的探测中,为获知海管在海底的真实赋存状态,确定其埋藏深度或悬跨高度,多使用高频浅地层剖面仪等传统声学设备。但在海底斜坡、凹坑、凸起等不平整地层处,由于设备自身原理造成的地层探测界面偏移、图像失真及资料多解性问题仍困扰着工程人员。通过正演模拟的方法探究高频浅地层剖面仪在海底特殊地层处海管检测的波场传播特征,探讨资料的解释陷阱,并提出了解决方案。研究结果表明,利用浅地层剖面仪探测管道在海底的赋存状态,应将探测图像与海底地形、地貌、沉积物运移等因素结合起来综合考虑,把探测图像回归到真实海底环境中,以准确评价海底管道的安全状态。     

短时单频脉冲震源的海洋浅地层剖面资料频移处理

采用短时单频脉冲震源的浅地层剖面,记录的波形数据空间假频较严重。因其信号具有频率高、频带窄的特征,通常利用Hilbert变换提取瞬时振幅属性(信号包络)供解释使用。但瞬时振幅均为正值,在进行构造解释时不方便使用。本文提出在对浅层剖面资料提取瞬时振幅的基础上,计算瞬时振幅的微分并配合滤波的方法,实现高频窄带浅地层剖面资料的一种频移处理。该方法把高频窄带的多周期信号变为低频带宽的单周期信号,有效扩展了倍频程并消除假频。应用在南海浅地层剖面资料处理中,资料处理后更利于构造解释。     

探测大气温湿廓线的35通道微波辐射计设计原理与特点

总结了自主研制的MWP967KV型地基35通道微波辐射计系统设计原理和主要特点。系统将K、V双频段宽带天线及接收机、宽带调谐本振、温湿压计以及电源模块紧凑集成为一台整机设备。对各传感器的测量输出实时进行一体化综合处理,采用BP神经网络实时反演大气温度、湿度廓线和汽、水总量。廓线的垂直覆盖范围为地表至顶空10km,共划分为58层。辐射计样机于2012年秋冬季节在北京地区开展了为期2个月的观测试验,利用这段时期内的69个探空资料样本对辐射计2个层次的实时观测输出都进行了对比检验,计算了水汽、氧气通道亮温和反演所得大气温湿廓线的平均偏差、均方差以及相关性。结果表明该系统能够满足实时气象监测的需求,达到国际先进水平。     

The eastern extent of the Barents–Kara ice sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum based on seismic-reflection data from the eastern Kara Sea

We present sub-bottom profiling (sparker and Parasound) results from the eastern Kara Sea, on the Eurasian Arctic margin, which enable the identification of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ice extent. The analysed profiles show that glacigenic diamicton is ubiquitous at the seafloor, east of about 95°E and 78°N. The eastern margin of this diamicton is expressed in a conspicuous morainic ridge at the entrance to the Vilkitsky Strait, and to the south the diamicton projection aligns with the LGM limit mapped at the north-western Taymyr. The bottom of the Voronin Trough further north is also covered with diamicton and has numerous erosional bedforms, indicating a streamlined flow of grounded ice along the trough. Accurate dating of the diamicton is not attainable, but the correlation of pre-diamict sediments to well-dated sections in the Laptev Sea, and available ¹⁴C ages from sediments on top of the diamicton, indicate its LGM age. These results support the palaeogeographic reconstruction that assumes the extension of the LGM Barents–Kara ice sheet as far east as Taymyr. This configuration implies that LGM ice blocked the drainage of the Ob and Yenisey rivers on the Kara shelf. This inference is consistent with the presence of large (>100 km wide) lenses of basin infill adjacent to the southern margin of the diamicton. However, the limited distribution of the eastern Kara ice lobe, not extending on Severnaya Zemlya, suggests that the ice was fairly thin and short-lived: insufficient for the accumulation of the gigantic proglacial lakes that occurred during earlier glaciations.     

物探电法在锦州东港电力有限公司矿泉水水源地勘查的综合应用

锦州东港电力有限公司矿泉水水源地位于辽西中部断陷盆地锦州盆地的北端。地处中新生代上侏罗统及白垩系构成的对称向斜,NNE新华夏系断裂构造经由锦州盆地通过。工作区第四系覆盖6-14m,下伏孙家湾组(K2S)砂质泥岩、砂砾岩和义县组(K1y)火山碎屑岩、英安岩、安山岩及火山凝灰角砾岩。对该区进行地质水文资料综合分析的基础上,采用电阻率联合剖面、高密度电阻率法、电测深(电阻率、衰减时及极化率)多种物探电法综合勘查,确定断裂构造位置、产状及赋水性。经验证获得涌水量312t/d具有商业价值的矿泉水水源地。这一工作方法在辽西火山岩贫水区进行水资源勘查具有推广意义。     

应用Argo资料分析西北太平洋冬、夏季水团

应用Argo剖面浮标观测的温、盐度资料,分析了西北太平洋海域冬、夏季的温、盐度分布、水团结构及其分布。首先采用T-S点聚图法分析了该海域水团分布的基本情况,由点聚分析结果可知,该海域至少存在6种以上水团;再用模糊聚类软化法对水团作进一步划分,分别计算了该海域6至11类水团的F和△F值,结果表明,冬、夏季的△F值都以划分为8类时为最大,这与大洋水团的稳定性是一致的,因此,该海域冬、夏季水团以划分为8类最佳,它们分别是北太平洋热带表层水、北太平洋次表层水、北太平洋中层水、北太平洋副热带模态水、北太平洋深层水和赤道表层水,以及南太平洋次表层水和南太平洋中层水。     

A Moored Underwater Energy Conservation System for Profiling Measurement

There is a need to obtain the hydrologic data including ocean current,wave,temperature and so on in the South China Sea.A new profiling instrument which does not suffer from the damage due to nature forces or incidents caused by passing ships,is under development to acquire data from this area.This device is based on a taut single point mid-water mooring system.It incorporates a small,instrumented vertically profiling float attached via an electromechanical cable to a winch integral with the main subsurface flotation.On a pre-set schedule,the instrument float with sensors is winched up to the surface if there is no ship passing by,which is defined by an on-board miniature sonar.And it can be immediately winched down to a certain depth if the sonar sensor finds something is coming.Since,because of logistics,the area can only be visited once for a long time and a minimum of 10 times per day profiles are desired,energy demands are severe.To respond to these concerns,the system has been designed to conserve a substantial portion of the potential energy lost during the ascent phase of each profile and subsequently use this energy to pull the instrument down.Compared with the previous single-point layered measuring mode,it is advanced and economica1.At last the paper introduces the test in the South China Sea.     

浅地层剖面在富钴结壳调查研究中的应用

文中以Topas PS018系统为例简要介绍浅地层剖面仪的工作原理和系统组成,重点介绍浅地层剖面在大洋富钴结壳资源调查研究中的应用情况。浅地层剖面资料与联合作业的海底视像、岩芯取样等资料进行对比和分析,发现浅地层剖面能够有效识别基岩、板状结壳、砾状结壳、砂、沉积物等不同底质类型,对浅地层剖面资料进行深入挖掘能够提取出富钴结壳矿区界线信息。     

声波探测技术在海底输油管道检测中的应用

介绍了多波束测深系统、侧扫声纳和浅地层剖面等声波探测技术的基本原理及在海底管道检测中常用设备与参数选择。结合工程实例给出了各种检测方法在海底输油管道检测中应用效果。介绍了海底管道检测流程,分析了各种检测方法的优缺点和不足之处。结果表明,海底管道检测时应充分利用各种方法的互补性,提高检测效率和准确性。