Correcting method of eddy covariance fluxes over non-flat surfaces and its application in ChinaFLUX

Although Eddy Covariance (EC) technique is one of the best methods for estimating the energy and mass exchanges between underlying surface and atmosphere in micrometeorology, errors and uncertainties still exist without necessary corrections. In this paper, we will focus on the effect of coordinate system on the eddy fluxes. Based on the data observed over four sites (one farmland site, one grassland site and two forest sites), the effects of three coordinate system transforming methods (Double Rotation-DR, Triple Rotation-TR and Planar Fit-PF)on the turbulent fluxes are analyzed. It shows that (i) the corrected fluxes are more or less than the uncorrected fluxes, which is related mainly to the sloping degree of surface, wind speed and wind direction; and (ii) pitch angle has a sinusoidal dependence on wind direction, especially in the regular sloping terrain; and (iii) PF method is something like the simplification of TR or DR,and there are not obvious distinctions in correction in sloping grassland and flat farmland, but PF method is not suitable for uneven and irregular forest sites.     

烟台海域海岛自动站大风对比试验

烟台北部面临黄、渤海,海岛自动站分布众多.我们发现,在同一大风过程中,各海岛自动站的风速、风向因为海拔高度、周围地形影响、下垫面摩擦的不同造成明显差异.本文主要以长岛作为渤海海峡大风的代表站,以崆峒岛和芝罘岛作为烟台北部沿海海域大风的代表站,利用便携自动站的观测数据近似代表海面大风的实况,与代表站进行大风的对比试验,对比试验的数据均采用指数廓线公式订正到海面10m高度.分析了三个海岛自动站的不同风向下的海面大风的实际代表性,并给出不同风向下的大风订正值.     

二维地电条件下充电法地形改正的一种方法

本文首先讨论了充电法地形改正方法及存在的问题,提出了一种基于比值法思想的地改方法,经理论模型验算表明,有较好的地改效果     

BDS中长距离非差实时动态厘米级定位算法

针对BDS常规实时动态定位(RTK)中,随着流动站与参考站间的距离增加,大气延迟误差的空间相关性大大降低,影响了整周模糊度的快速解算和流动站位置信息的解算精度问题。该文研究了一种基于非差观测误差的BDS中长距离常规RTK定位算法,采用非差误差改正方法为流动站提供误差改正,利用参考站的非差误差改正数以单颗卫星为对象进行误差改正。对电离层延迟误差和相对天顶对流层延迟误差进行参数估计,处理电离层延迟误差和对流层延迟误差的影响。最后通过BDS实测数据对该算法进行了算法验证和结果分析。实验结果表明,该算法可以实现BDS中长距离常规RTK的快速定位,并获得厘米级定位精度。     

内蒙古自治区2000国家大地坐标框架的建立及实时服务

启用2000大地坐标系的必要性;内蒙古2000国家大地坐标框架建立。     

Correction of atmospheric effect on ADEOS/OCTS ocean color data: Algorithm description and evaluation of its performance

This paper first describes the atmospheric correction algorithm for OCTS visible band data used at NASDA/EOC. Sharing a basic structure with Gordon and Wang’s Sea WiFS algorithm, it uses 10 candidate aerosol models including the “Asian dust model” introduced in consideration of the unique feature of aerosols over the east Asian waters. Based on the observations at 670 and 865 nm bands, the algorithm selects a pair of aerosol models that account best for the observed spectral reflectances, and synthesizes the aerosol reflectance used for the atmospheric correction. Two different schemes for determining the value of the parameter for the aerosol model selection are presented and their anticipated estimation error is analyzed in terms of retrieved water reflectance at 443 nm. The results of our numerical simulation show that the standard deviation of the estimation error of the “weighted average” scheme is mostly within the permissible level of ±0.002, reducing the error by 18% on average compared to the “simple average” scheme. The paper further discusses the expected error under the old CZCS-type atmospheric correction, which assumes constant aerosol optical properties throughout the given image. Although our algorithm has a better performance than the CZCS algorithm, further analysis shows that the error induced by the assumption taken in the algorithm that the water-leaving radiance at 670 nm band is negligibly small may be large in high pigment concentration waters, indicating the necessity for future improvements.     

测距仪倾斜引起的误差分析与改正

重点研究积木式全站仪在大垂直角测距中由于测距仪中心与经纬仪中心不一致而引起的测距误差,针对这些误差的来源及特征,制定出相应的修正措施,从而达到提高测距精度的目的。     

基于 Sentinel-2 影像东北秋季典型湖泊大气校正方法适用性评价

本文利用 6S(Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum)、Acolite DSF(Dark spectrum fit-ting)、C2RCC(Case 2 Regional Coast Color)、SeaDas(SeaWiFS Data Analysis System)、Sen2Cor(Sentinel 2 Correc-tion)、Polymer(Polynomial based algorithm applied to MERIS)和 iCOR(Image correction for atmospheric effects)7种大气校正算法,结合松花湖、月亮泡、小兴凯湖实测遥感反射率数据对\"哨兵-2号\"(Sentinel-2)数据进行大气校正研究,验证算法性能.整体校正结果显示,相较于实测遥感反射率,上述7种大气校正算法均在可见光波段(400～800 nm)呈现不同程度的低估.除C2RCC算法外,其余6种算法校正后的遥感反射率与实测光谱曲线变化趋势基本吻合,其中Sen2Cor算法与iCOR算法性能最佳,Polymer算法性能最差;在单波段校正精度对比中,Sen2Cor和iCOR算法几乎所有波段的均方根误差和平均绝对百分比误差都低于其余5种算法.Sen2Cor算法在560 nm、665 nm和705 nm处校正精度优于其余6种算法,iCOR算法在443 nm和740 nm处有良好的表现,在490 nm处6S算法校正精度最高,拥有最低的均方根误差(0.0059 sr-1)和平均绝对百分比误差(21.40％).结果表明,这7种大气校正算法均可以在一定程度上去除大气影响,增加影像的可用性,Sen2Cor算法和iCOR算法更适用于本文所研究水体或相似水体.     

基墩高度对强震动记录的影响及应用研究

强震动观测的加速度仪通常是固定安装在一定高度的混凝土基墩上,不能完全反映理想自由场地的地震动.为研究基墩高度对于强震动记录的影响,设计了3种高度不同、截面尺寸相同的基墩,通过地震模拟振动台实验,以基岩记录作为地震动输入,分析基墩高度对于强震动记录的时频特性影响,并结合数值模拟进行了验证,同时对泸定地震51SMM台站记录通过滤波修订到标准基墩.研究结果表明：不同高度基墩,对于水平向PGA、PGV、PGD影响整体随着高度增大而增大,对于垂直地震动,PGA与PGV幅值均缩小;与其他频带相比,0.5~7 Hz范围内的傅里叶幅值谱,0.6 m和1.2 m高的基墩影响较小,2.0 m高的基墩影响最大;高度较小基墩对反应谱影响较小.通过以上实验表明滤波修订不同高度的基墩效果较好,在代码为51SMM强震动台站记录中得到较好应用,同时应避免采用高度超过1.2 m的基墩用于强震动观测.     

基于侧扫声呐的深海广域复杂地形快速搜探声图优化方法

针对海底复杂地形地貌场景,以及自主水下潜器（Autonomous Underwater Vehicle,AUV）航行时存在扰动,搭载大量程侧扫声呐设备进行广域快速搜探时,采集的侧扫声呐数据在生成图像时,存在严重的瀑布图畸变、增益失衡、亮暗不均的问题,难以直观呈现海底地形地貌。结合侧扫声呐成像原理、侧扫声呐设备特点、AUV 运动传感信息、图像处理方法,提出融合运动特性与海底基线提取的畸变校正方法、融合侧扫声呐设备特性的垂向增益校正方法、自适应直方图均衡的亮度校正方法。实验表明,所述方法可清晰呈现地形地貌信息。