金华地区的氟污染及其防治对策

通过对金华地区氟污染现状的描述和氟污染原因分析，提出余华地区氟污染防治的对策。     

拉深件产生破裂、皱折原因及消除方法

如何消除制件在拉深过程中出现的破裂、皱折是生产中经常遇到的难题。因为造成拉深件破裂、皱折的原因是复杂多样的,而且解决问题的根本方法正是目前研究的焦点。为满足实际需要根据拉深件上常出现的破裂和皱折的形式,分析产生的原因及消除的方法。     

有限空间作业中毒窒息事故的预防

中毒窒息事故是有限空间危险作业的常发事故之一,多发生在封闭或半封闭设备,地上有限空间和地下有限空间,施害物主要为硫化氢、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氨和甲烷(沼气)等。在我国,随着经济的迅猛发展,一大批农民转变成产业工人,由于新工人群体的总体文化素质低,自身的安全意识、安全知识和安全技能的缺乏,一些管理者对中毒窒息危险危害认识始终存在盲区,导致同类职业中毒事故悲剧不断重演,使农民工、临时工或新工人成为中毒窒息事故的主要受害对象。为有效防止类似事故再次发生,笔者结合几起中毒窒息典型案例,阐述发生中毒窒息的5点原因以及从中汲取的2个教训,即必须按照规章作业和施救必须以自身安全为前提,总结中毒窒息场所安全作业要求,提出了一系列的防范措施。     

Applying metabolic fingerprinting to ecology: The use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for the rapid screening of plant responses to N deposition

The potential for metabolic fingerprinting via Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to provide a novel approach for the detection of plant biochemical responses to N deposition is examined. An example of spectral analysis using shoot samples taken from an open top chamber (OTC) experiment simulating wet ammonium deposition is given. Sample preparation involved oven drying and homogenisation via mill grinding. Slurries of a consistent dilution were then prepared prior to FT-IR analysis. Spectra from control, 8 and 16 kg N ha^–1 yr^–1 treatments were then subjected to cross-validated discriminant function analysis. Ordination diagrams showed clear separation between the three N treatments examined. The potential for using Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull as a bioindicator of N deposition is further evident from these results. The results also clearly demonstrate the power of FT-IR in discriminating between subtle phenotypic alterations in overall plant biochemistry as affected by ammonium pollution.     

森工企业伐木作业事故成因分析与预防措施

以森工企业伐木作业三起事故为案例,对造成事故的原因进行了分析,根据事故成因提出了相对应的事故预防措施.     

外来生物入侵关键点控制管理体系——基于风险管理的研究

将风险管理理论与外来生物入侵风险分析相结合，借鉴食品质量控制中的关键点控制原理，提出了防止外来生物入侵风险的关键点控制方法。针对人类有意引种、随人类活动无意引入以及自然传入3类外来生物入侵的传入途径，在入侵途径上确定若干个风险控制关键点，有针对性地提出了相应的控制措施，以减小外来生物的入侵风险，提高我国在防止外来生物入侵方面的管理与控制效率。     

The Value of Using Feasibility Models in Systematic Conservation Planning to Predict Landholder Management Uptake

Understanding the social dimensions of conservation opportunity is crucial for conservation planning in multiple‐use landscapes. However, factors that influence the feasibility of implementing conservation actions, such as the history of landscape management, and landholders’ willingness to engage are often difficult or time consuming to quantify and rarely incorporated into planning. We examined how conservation agencies could reduce costs of acquiring such data by developing predictive models of management feasibility parameterized with social and biophysical factors likely to influence landholders’ decisions to engage in management. To test the utility of our best‐supported model, we developed 4 alternative investment scenarios based on different input data for conservation planning: social data only; biological data only; potential conservation opportunity derived from modeled feasibility that incurs no social data collection costs; and existing conservation opportunity derived from feasibility data that incurred collection costs. Using spatially explicit information on biodiversity values, feasibility, and management costs, we prioritized locations in southwest Australia to control an invasive predator that is detrimental to both agriculture and natural ecosystems: the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). When social data collection costs were moderate to high, the most cost‐effective investment scenario resulted from a predictive model of feasibility. Combining empirical feasibility data with biological data was more cost‐effective for prioritizing management when social data collection costs were low (<4% of the total budget). Calls for more data to inform conservation planning should take into account the costs and benefits of collecting and using social data to ensure that limited funding for conservation is spent in the most cost‐efficient and effective manner.     

基于改进RPS的共因失效模型及在安全仪表系统中的应用研究

基于安全仪表系统共因失效机理的定性分析,在单一冲击下的RPS模型基础上,以泊松分布作为冲击的先验分布,建立了多冲击下考虑共因失效的安全仪表系统可靠性模型;采用基于专家经验和估计的方法,对模型参数进行估计;并通过定量分析确定出影响系统共因失效的最大冲击因子,为降低系统共因失效对可靠性的影响提供辅助决策支持。将改进的多冲击RPS模型的可靠性分析结果与β模型和PDS模型进行比较,验证了该模型的工程准确性。     

我国废旧纺织品回收再利用的困境及其成因分析

我国是纺织品的生产大国,也是纺织品的消耗大国。在快时尚观念的影响下,纺织品更新频率越来越快,更新数量越来越大,导致废旧纺织品的回收再利用成为急需解决的问题。分析了目前废旧纺织品回收再利用的困难状况,探究了这种状况产生的原因,主要在于纺织品复杂度高、政策规制不到位、意识淡漠、回收渠道不畅等因素。     

矸石山的危害及自燃原因关联分析

从不同角度论述了矸石山具有的危害性,尤其是自燃矸石山对空气环境、水质和土壤的污染,通过实验分析矸石山自燃的主要影响因素,指出由于自燃矸石山的管理、治理不当所引发的矸石山坍塌和爆炸等地质灾害事故,给当今煤炭企业发展带来的不可忽视的负面影响,促使企业意识到消除矸石山危害的紧迫性和任务的艰巨性,同时为防止矸石山自燃提供了理论指导和依据。