汽车组装流水线作业工人工效学调查研究

对汽车组装流水线作业工人的作业体位、人机测量、劳动状况和生产环境的调查结果表明，过分低头、向前弯腰、手抬高过肩、手抬高过头、长时间站立、工作时间率较高、工作场所照度不足以及噪声值超标可能是存在的主要工效学问题，是导致慢性肌肉骨骼损伤的重要因素，应根据有关标准和法规，采取相应的劳动保护和工效学改进措施     

利用玉米浸泡液产电的微生物燃料电池研究

以玉米淀粉生产过程中的浸泡液（玉米浸泡液）作为接种液和基质,利用“三合一”膜电极的单室空气阴极微生物燃料电池进行试验,采用在线监测电压和废水分析方法对产电功率和化学需氧量（COD）、氨氮进行测定,探讨高COD、高氨氮有机废水产电及废水处理的可行性.结果表明,经过94 d（1个周期）的连续运行（固定外电阻为1 000 Ω）,17 d时输出电压达到最大（525.0 mV）,稳定期最大输出功率可达169.6 mW/m²,此时电池相应的电流密度为440.2 mA/m²,内阻约为350 Ω,开路电压619.5 mV;但燃料电池电子利用效率较低（库仑效率为1.6%）;1个周期结束时浸泡液的COD去除率达到51.6%,氨氮去除率25.8%.本试验利用玉米浸泡液成功获得电能,同时对浸泡液有效地进行了处理,为其资源化利用提供新途径.     

冲模CAD系统中装配图消隐算法

介绍了几种实现模具装配图消隐的方法 ,分析了各种方法的缺陷。根据模具装配图中各零件之间的相互关系 ,对模具零件进行了分类 ,并提出了一种新的实现模具装配图消隐的方法图形实体重构法     

核电燃料元件厂环境辐射监测与评价

本文对 1994～ 1998年核电燃料元件生产所排放的放射性流出物及环境辐射进行了监测分析。结果表明 ,在正常生产运行情况下 ,放射性流出物对周围公众造成的年最大个人有效剂量当量是 7 2 6× 10 -2 mSv ,远低于公众剂量限值。评价半径为80km范围内的集体有效剂量当量为 4 70× 10 -2 人·Sv/a。     

抚顺石化公司硫磺回收装置的扩建和改造

抚顺石化分公司石油三厂原有硫磺回收装置的处理能力已经不能满足生产的需要,2002年对硫磺回收装置进行了扩建和改造。该装置采用了一段高温转化、二级催化转化的克劳斯工艺,采用揝SR敾乖?吸收工艺处理尾气。扩能改造后,新增的尾气处理能力与硫磺回收能力相配套,排放的废气符合国家现行的环保标准。该装置工艺路线合理、可靠,硫回收率高。     

Surface modification of polypropylene non-woven fibers with TiO2 nanoparticles via layer-by-layer self assembly method: Preparation and photocatalytic activity

Polypropylene (PP) meltblown fibers were coated with titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles using layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition technique. The fibers were first modified with 3 layers of poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS) and poly(diallyl-dimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) to improve the anchoring of the TiO₂ nanoparticle clusters. PDADMAC, which is positively charged, was then used as counter polyelectrolyte in tandem with anionic TiO₂ nanoparticles to construct TiO₂/PDADMAC bilayer in the LbL fashion. The number of deposited TiO₂/PDADMAC layers was varied from 1 to 7 bilayer, and could be used to adjust TiO₂ loading. The LbL technique showed higher TiO₂ loading efficiency than the impregnation approach. The modified fibers were tested for their photocatalytic activity against a model dye, Methylene Blue (MB). Results showed that the TiO₂ modified fibers exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity efficiency similar to that of TiO₂ powder dispersed in solution. The deposition of TiO₂ 3 bilayer on the PP substrate was sufficient to produce nanocomposite fibers that could bleach the MB solution in less than 4 hr. TiO₂-LbL constructions also preserved TiO₂ adhesion on substrate surface after 1 cycle of photocatalytic test. Successive photocatalytic test showed decline in MB reduction rate with loss of TiO₂ particles from the substrate outer surface. However, even in the third cycle, the TiO₂ modified fibers are still moderately effective as it could remove more than 95% of MB after 8 hr of treatment.     

大吨位预应力锚具组装件锚固性能足尺试验

广州西塔节点层系采用大直径体外预应力拉索直接对钢管柱施加楼层平面内方向的体外预应力.选取3根φ7×199的预应力锚具组装件进行了50次周期荷载试验及静载锚同性能足尺试验.采用两台YC-1350型液压千斤顶同步顶推箱梁对预应力试验索进行张拉,测定拉索的周期载荷性能、静载锚同性能、拉伸弹性模量以及极限拉力时的总应变和锚杯与锚板间相对位移,考核锚具拉伸时锚固情况、拉伸过程及卸载后锚具的变形情况.结果表明,经过50次循环加载后试验索均无断丝,破断荷载超过12151kN,其他各项指标也均符合要求,因而能保证广州西塔体外预应力设计的安全性.     

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders at Workplaces in the People’s Republic of China

This paper presents 2 musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire surveys in 10 different Chinese occupational groups. Data collected from 1,603 workers using a modified Nordic musculoskeletal disorders symptom questionnaire showed that the 12-month prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, particularly in the low back and shoulder-neck regions, was high at many Chinese workplaces. Significant differences existed between occupational groups. Assembly workers usually had higher neck-shoulder complaints compared to workers in most other occupations. However, the nature of assembly seemed also to influence the prevalence rate. Workers at a cassette recorder and a TV set assembly plant appeared to have more neck complaints compared with a group of thermos flask assemblers.     

Postural Loading Assessment in Assembly Workers of an Iranian Telecommunication Manufacturing Company

Background. Changes in industries and work practices have coincided with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of MSDs and to assess postural loading in assembly workers of an Iranian telecommunication manufacturing company. Methods. Data were collected from 193 randomly selected workers in 4 units of the company. The Nordic musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire and the UBC ergonomic checklist were used as data collection tools. Loading on the upper body assessment (LUBA) was used to assess postural loading. Results. Lower back symptoms were the most prevalent problems among the workers (67.9%). LUBA showed that most assembly workers (94.3%) had experienced considerable and high postural loading (postural load index, PLI > 5). Regression analyses revealed that lighting, rotation, contact stress, repetition, gender and age were factors associated with symptoms. Conclusion. Work-related MSDs occurred at a high rate among workers. Postural loading requires consideration. Any ergonomic intervention should focus on eliminating ergonomic factors associated with symptoms.     

Ergonomic analysis of working postures using OWAS in semi-trailer assembly,applying an individual sampling strategy

In semi-trailer assembly, workers are exposed to several physical risk factors. Awkward working postures have not yet been investigated in semi-trailer assembly, although they are known to be a major risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders. We therefore conducted a comprehensive ergonomic analysis of working postures using the Ovako working posture analysing system (OWAS), with an individual sampling strategy. The postural load in semi-trailer assembly was assessed on the basis of 20,601 observations of 63 workers executing a representative set of nine work tasks. According to the OWAS, the postural load of various working postures and body part positions may have a harmful effect on the musculoskeletal system. We therefore give examples of corrective measures that could improve awkward working postures. Applying an individual sampling strategy was revealed to have advantages over a collective strategy, so this is recommended for future ergonomic analyses.