The characteristics of shear wave splitting in the source region of the April 20, 2013 Lushan earthquake

Using seismic data of the aftershocks sequence of the April 20, 2013 Lushan earthquake recorded by seismic temporary and permanent stations in the source region, with the visual inspection of particle motion diagrams, this paper preliminarily contains the polarization directions of fast shear wave and the time-delays of split shear waves at every station, and analyzes the crustal anisotropic characteristics in the source region. In the study area, the polarization direc- tions at stations BAX, TQU, L 132, L 133, L 134, and L 135 are northeast, which is consistent with the strike of Dachuan- Shuangshi fault. There are two polarization directions at MDS and L131, which are northeast and southeast. The scatter of polarization directions suggests the complex stress field around these two stations where two faults intersect. For the normalized time-delays at every station, the range is 1.02-8.64 ms/km. The largest time-delay is from L134 which is closest to the mainshock, and the smallest one is from L133. The variations in time-delays show the decreasing at stations BAX, L134, and L135 because of the stress-relaxation after earthquake.     

High-resolution seismic tomography of the upper crust in the source region of the April 20, 2013 Lushan earthquake and its seismotectonic implications

Both P- and S-wave arrivals were collected for imaging upper crustal structures in the source region of the April 20, 2013 Lushan earthquake. High-resolution, three- dimensional P and S velocity models were constructed by travel-time tomography. Moreover, more than 3700 after- shocks of the Lushan earthquake were relocated via a grid search method. The P- and S-wave velocity images of the upper crust show largely similar characters, with high and low velocity anomalies, which mark the presence of sig- nificant lateral and vertical heterogeneity at the source region of the Lushan earthquake. The characteristics of the velocity anomalies also reflect the associated surface geo- logical tectonics in this region. The distributions of high velocity anomalies of both P- and S-waves to 18 km depth are consistent with the distributions of relocated after- shocks, suggesting that most of the ruptures were localized inside the high velocity region. In contrast, low P and S velocities were found in the surrounding regions without aftershocks, especially in the region to the northeast of the Lushan earthquake. For the relocated aftershocks of the Lushan earthquake from this study, we found that mostaftershocks were concentrated in a zone of about 40 km long and 20 km wide, and were located in the hanging wall of Dayi-Mingshan fault. The focal depths of aftershocks increase from the southeast to the northwest region in the direction perpendicular to the fault strike, suggesting that the fault ruptured at an approximate dip angle of 45°. The main depths of the aftershocks in the northwest of the main shock are significantly shallower than expected, revealing the different seismogenic conditions in the source region.     

CO_2-盐水相对渗透率影响机制研究进展

将CO2封存于地下深部含水层,是减轻碳排放压力的有效手段之一。CO2-盐水相对渗透率是影响地层中CO2迁移、捕获的最重要参数之一。在借鉴油气资源领域渗透率研究成果的基础上,详细论述了影响CO2-盐水相对渗透率的因素,包括流体性质、流体饱和历史和岩石结构,认为流体性质对相对渗透率的影响主要体现在界面张力、黏度比和毛管数的大小;不同流体饱和历史的相对渗透率曲线存在明显滞后性;岩石结构通过矿物润湿性和孔隙结构差异影响相对渗透率大小;最终得到的相对渗透率曲线是各因素叠加的综合结果。     

机载GPS辅助空中三角测量若干问题研究

针对机载GPS数据辅助空中三角测量时控制数据稀少的情况,分别从有、无构架航线等方面探讨:控制点数量、控制点位置分布、GPS数据丢失对平差精度的影响及补救措施等问题,同时结合生产实践,分析GPS辅助空三测量在现行生产中的应用优势。     

土地利用变化对延安市生态服务价值的影响

利用延安市2001-2007年土地利用基础数据,计算土地利用动态度,并在Costanza生态系统服务价值理论基础上,结合谢高地等的中国生态系统生态服务价值当量因子表,计算出延安不同生态系统单位面积生态服务价值。并依此尝试计算延安市2001年至2007年延安市生态系统服务价值量。研究发现,2007延安市的生态系统服务价值将达到424.28亿元,比2001年增加28.79亿元,增长率为7.28%;各种土地利用方式的生态系统服务价值的敏感性指数(CS)均小于1,表明其对生态系统的价值变化是缺乏弹性的。     

黑洞吸积盘内边缘半径的演化

本文用广义相对论讨论了黑洞吸积盘内边缘半径ｒ（ｍｓ）的演化规律。结果表明，吸积盘的中心黑洞在由Ｓｃｈｗａｒｚｓｃｈｉｌｄ型向极端Ｋｅｒｒ型演化的过程中，黑洞的角动量变化对ｒ（ｍｓ）的影响始终比黑洞的质量变化对ｒ（ｍｓ）的影响大。在此过程中ｒ（ｍｓ）始终是连续、单调减小的。本文得出ｒ（ｍｓ）对时间变化率的取值范围，并对其物理意义作了讨论。     

四川威远地区近震剪切波分裂特征

基于布设在四川威远地区的流动地震台站2019年11月至2020年5月记录的近震波形数据,利用剪切波分裂分析方法获得了研究区内23个地震台站的剪切波分裂参数。结果显示：威远地区地震台站快波偏振方向多数为北西向,与区域主压应力方向一致;有个别台站可能由于受到局部构造环境的影响,快波偏振方向为北东向。而在地壳速度变化明显的威远背斜附近,有6个台站结果显示为两个快波偏振优势方向,表明该地区快波偏振方向是区域应力场和局部构造环境共同作用的结果,威远地区慢波延迟时间均值为4.43 ms/km,威远背斜南侧区域的慢波延迟时间值普遍大于其北部区域,表明在威远地区南部区域的各向异性强度强于北部区域。     

免像控无人机技术在矿山地貌形态调查中的应用

传统的无人机测量技术用于矿山测量须进行必要控制点的测设,也使无人机测设在复杂地形、难以进入等地区存在一定的应用瓶颈。免像控航测技术可以不提前布设控制点,成为矿山地貌形态调查的一种重要趋势。以昆明市某露天采矿区为研究区,利用DJI PHANTOM 4 RTK无人机进行航摄,分析免像控航测技术的关键技术和作业流程,完成了DOM(数字正摄模型)、DEM(数字高程模型)、DSM(数字栅格地图)和DLG(数字线划地图)制作、三维模型构建及模型内、外精度分析,对研究区地貌形态分布情况与特征参数进行分析统计。实验结果论证了免像控航测技术在矿山地貌景观调查中的可行性,为合理化开发矿产资源、最大化恢复生态环境提供技术支撑。