Post-depositional modification of NO-3 in snow layers at EastAntarctica and at the headwater of ürumqi River

Acidic species, such as Nitrate, in polar snow and firn layers are “reversibly” deposited, and are sufficiently volatile to undergo significant postdepositional exchange between snow/firn and the atmosphere. Through comparison of the snowpit and snowpack nitrate concentrations from central East Antarctica and the headwater of ürumqi River, we conclude that the nitrate peaks in the uppermost surface snow layers in central Antarctica are not related to an atmospheric signal and must account for post-depositional effects. Such effects, however, are not found in the surface snowpack nitrate profiles from the headwater of ürumqi River. Two reasons may account for the post-depositional difference. At first, nitrate in the polar snow and firn layers appears to be hydrated ion, which can be taken up by the atmosphere, while at the headwater of ürumqi River it seems mainly as mineral ion, which assembles the behavior of aerosol-derived species that are “irreversibly” deposited and do not undergo significant post-depositional exchange with the atmosphere. Secondly, the chemical features of the snow and ice on the Antarctica are mainly determined by wet deposition, to the contrary, dry deposition is more significant at the headwater of lUrumqi River than that on the East Antarctic Plateau.     

南极洲纳尔逊冰帽的某些动力学特征*

纳尔逊冰帽是南设得兰群岛的一个小冰帽,受海洋性气候影响冰帽上降水丰富,冰温较高。冰帽表面运动速度完全由冰帽表面形态和冰帽底床形态所控制,其中E剖面更为复杂。冰帽驱动应力基本小于100kPa.由V/Z～Za曲线得到在V/7为0.6～3×10^-9范围内的流动参数:n约为1;B≈4.3×10¹⁰dynescm^-2sec.这表明在低应力区,冰体流动更接近牛顿流体。     

南极伊利莎白公主地250年来雪芯累积、氧同位素与化学研究

1Introduction In the ongoing discussion of climate change,the mass balance of Antarctica has received increasing attention during recent decades,since its reaction to global warming will strongly influence sea-level change(Schlosser and Oerter,2002).Many …     

A precise monitoring of snow surface height in the region of Lambert Glacier basin-Amery Ice Shelf,East Antarctica

The net surface snow accumulation on the Antarctic ice sheet is determined by a combination of precipitation, sublimation and wind redistribution. We present a one-year record of hourly snow-height measurements at LGB69 (70°50'S, 77°04'E, 1850 m a.s.l.). east side of Lambert Glacier basin (LGB), and 4 year record at G3 (70°53'S, 69°52'E, 84 m a.s.l.), Amery Ice Shelf (AIS). The measurements were made with ultrasonic sensors mounted on automatic weather stations installed at two sites. The snow accumulation at LGB69 is approximately 70 cm. Throughout the winter, between April and September, there was little change in surface snow height (SSH) at the two sites. The negative SSH change is due to densification at LGB69, and is due to both ablation and densification at G3. The strongest accumulation at two sites occurred during the period between October and March (accounting for 101.6% at LGB69), with four episodic increasing events occurring during 2002 for LGB69, and eight events during 1999-2002 for G     

中国科学院资源环境科学研究工作的创新与发展

１１９９８年工作回顾１９９８年在以江泽民同志为核心的党中央领导下,在实施科教兴国战略和“迎接知识经济时代,建设国家创新体系”的试点工作中,我们全院从事资源环境科学技术研究的同志,从２１世纪中国发展的战略需要和世界科学前沿的前景出发,重新确定科技发展目...     

Variation of Thornthwaite moisture index in Hengduan Mountains,China

The Thornthwaite moisture index, an index of the supply of water(precipitation) in an area relative to the climatic demand for water(potential evapotranspiration), was used to examine the spatial and temporal variation of drought and to verify the influence of environmental factors on the drought in the Hengduan Mountains, China. Results indicate that the Thornthwaite moisture index in the Hengduan Mountains had been increasing since 1960 with a rate of 0.1938/yr. Annual Thornthwaite moisture index in Hengduan Mountains was between –97.47 and 67.43 and the spatial heterogeneity was obvious in different seasons. Thornthwaite moisture index was high in the north and low in the south, and the monsoon rainfall had a significant impact on its spatial distribution. The tendency rate of Thornthwaite moisture index variation varied in different seasons, and the increasing trends in spring were greater than that in summer and autumn. However, the Thornthwaite moisture index decreased in winter. Thornthwaite moisture index increased greatly in the north and there was a small growth in the south of Hengduan Mountains. The increase of precipitation and decrease of evaporation lead to the increase of Thornthwaite moisture index. Thornthwaite moisture index has strong correlation with vegetation coverage. It can be seen that the correlation between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) and Thornthwaite moisture index was positive in spring and summer, but negative in autumn and winter. Correlation between Thornthwaite moisture index and relative soil relative moisture content was positive in spring, summer and autumn, but negative in winter. The typical mountainous terrain affect the distribution of temperature, precipitation, wind speed and other meteorological factors in this region, and then affect the spatial distribution of Thornthwaite moisture index. The unique ridge-gorge terrain caused the continuity of water-heat distribution from the north to south, and the water-heat was stronger than that from the east to west part, and thus determined the spatial distribution of Thornthwaite moisture index. The drought in the Hengduan Mountains area is mainly due to the unstable South Asian monsoon rainfall time.     

Chemical characteristics of four kinds of water in the rongbuk glacier basin, Mount Qomolangma

ＤｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅＭｔ．ＱｏｍｏｌａｎｇｍａＥｘｐｅｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｏｆ１９５９－１９６０,１９６６－１９６８ａｎｄ１９７５,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓｈａｄｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄｍａｎｙｄａｔａｏｆｇｌａｃｉｅｒｓｉｎｔｈｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｃｔｏｆＭｔ．Ｑｏｍｏｌａｎｇｍａ（Ｗａｎｇｅｔａｌ．,１９８０;Ｘｉｅｅｔａｌ．,１９７５;Ｚｈａｎｇｅｔａｌ．,１９７５）．ＩｎＭａｙ１９９７,Ｐｒｏｆ．ＱｉｎＤａｈｅａｎｄＰｒｏｆ．ＰａｕｌＡ．Ｍａｙｅｗｓｋｉｏｒｇａｎｉｚｅｄａｎｏｔｈｅ…     

Adaptation management of mountain tourism service: the case of the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow River

Mountain areas are often rich in ecological diversity and recreational opportunities. Mountain tourism is thought to be an effective and important means for maintaining and expanding rural economies and, thus, improving the living conditions of rural societies. As mountain tourism service research is a professional field with several disciplines involved, a multi-disciplinary management pIatform is needed and it facilitates participation in sustainable mountain development by diverse stakeholders. With the source regions of the Yangtze and the Yellow River as a case study, this paper presents a conceptual framework for an adaptation management of mountain tourism services according to technical, policy, social and economic dimensions. The framework is based on a vulnerability assessment of mountain ecosystems, and can serve as a reference for the development of tourism service in other mountain areas.