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1.
Cypriano G da Trindade Neto Ana LP Fernandes Ana IB Santos Waldenice A Morais Marcos VM Navarro Tereza NC Dantas Mrcia R Pereira Jos LC Fonseca 《Polymer International》2005,54(4):659-666
Complexation of chitosan in aqueous solutions by low molecular weight electrolytes is one of the simplest methods for the preparation of aqueous chitosan dispersions. In this work, the influence of storage time, sulfate concentration, method of preparation and surfactant content on some properties of the resultant chitosan dispersions (turbidity, viscosity and zeta potential) was analyzed. Turbidimetry was adequate to monitor the formation of particles, while viscometry was suitable to monitor changes in the dispersing phase. An analysis of the properties of these systems, mainly in terms of particle–particle and macromolecule–macromolecule interactions was carried out. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
2.
The characterization of new synthesized chiral polymeric membranes, based in polysulfone polymer is here reported. Polysulfone was derivatized to chiral polysulfone, by bonding covalently the chiral carrier, N-dodecyl-4(R)-hydroxy-l-proline, to the polymer matrix. Two different chiral polysulfones, referred to as CPSA and CPSB, have been synthesized and used in the preparation of chiral polymeric membranes. However, as a consequence of the limited CPSB solubility, only CPSA resulted adequate to obtain useful membranes. Therefore, various chiral polysulfone membranes containing different amounts of CPSA in unmodified polysulfone (PS) were prepared and properly characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by enantioselective transport experiments of racemic propranolol. Dialysis transport experiments allowed us to determine the influence of the carrier content in the membrane on the transport rate and on enantiomer separation. Membranes containing a CPSA/PS ratio of 1:3 showed an alpha value of 1.1 at 96 h of performance. Modelling of the propranolol transport rate is also performed. 相似文献
3.
An investigation of the flow inside the nozzle of a Cross-Flow turbine, which is a hydraulic turbine where the rectangular water jet issuing from the nozzle crosses the rotor blades twice, is presented here. Part of the investigation consisted in the experimental measurement of the static pressure distribution on the inside walls of two different nozzle configurations, both with the nozzle mounted alone and in the presence of a rotor. The tests performed in the presence of a rotor included the measurement of efficiency and covered a wide range of working conditions around the best efficiency point. The analysis of the results obtained in this way give us an indication of the influence of the turbine non-dimensional volume flow rate on the flow inside the nozzle and the way it affects the reaction degree of the machine and its efficiency level. Although most of the tests were carried out with a 25-blade rotor, one of the analysed nozzle configurations (that with an inside vane) was also tested with a 10-blade rotor, permitting the assessment of the effect the number of blades has on the flow in the nozzle.The flow inside the nozzle with no inside vane was numerically analysed using a method based on a Schwarz-Christoffel conformal transformation of variables. The numerical results show a fair agreement with the experimental data collected when the rotor was not present. A qualitative discussion of some of the losses occurring in the nozzle is advanced based on the computer results, and its conclusions are used for explaining the poor performance of the nozzle with no inside vane. 相似文献
4.
Subsequent to the implementation of a severity marker stamp in case notes, an audit was performed in 86 admissions with acute asthma to a specialist centre over a 12 month period. Compared to previous audit the documentation of severity markers was significantly better (PEFR: 52% vs 83% p = 0.001, Respiratory rate: 44% vs 81% p = 0.001, ABG: 72% vs 80% p = 0.04, air entry: 58% vs 86% p = 0.001, speech: 27% vs 86% p = 0.001, exhaustion: 4% vs 86% p = 0.001). In contrast to the previous audit where no patient received FiO2 > 0.35, 66% of the cases in the repeat audit received FiO2 0.60 (p = 0.001). The mean duration of admission was five days and showed highest partial correlation (r = 0.6) to the time in hours for the pulse to fall to 80/min. Multiple linear regression showed that this was the only variable best predicting the duration of admission (R2 = 0.3). Admission pulse rate (p = 0.04) and serum K+ (p = 0.04) best discriminated between patients admitted for over and under five days. Logistic regression identified only the admission pulse as significant in calculating the odds of the patient staying in the hospital for > 5 days. 相似文献
5.
E. M. Telles J. C. S. Moraes A. Scalabrin D. Pereira G. Carelli C. A. Massa A. Moretti F. Strumia 《Journal of Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves》1995,16(12):2233-2248
We used a Stark-Optoacoustic cell and hybrid waveguide resonators to perform an Infrared and Far Infrared Stark Spectroscopy study on some transitions of13CD3OH. Different behaviours of the transitions in the presence of a d.c. electric field were observed. The Stark splittings of six FIR laser lines ranging from 34 to 136 MHz/kVcm?1 were determined. The analysis of the behaviour of the IR and FIR transitions in the presence of the external electric fields gives important and exclusive information on the levels involved in the transitions. 相似文献
6.
Fbio Gomes Costa Elias Andrade Braga Soraia Teixeira Brando Alexandre de Freitas Espeleta Zênis Novais da Rocha Lílian Maria Tosta Simplício Emerson Andrade Sales 《Applied Catalysis A: General》2005,290(1-2):221-226
Infrared and UV–vis studies of metallocene immobilization on silica are reported here. The results have indicated changes in the Zr coordination sphere of metallocene depending on the immobilization route used. The reaction of [(Cp)2ZrCl2] with silica formed [(Cp)2ZrCl]+[SiO]− species. The same metallocene, reacting with TMA modified silica, formed monomethylated and dimethylated species by the substitution of chloro for methyl ligands, stabilized on the surface by interaction with “MAO-like” species (methylaluminoxane, MAO). These monomethylated and dimethylated cationic zirconium species are the active centers for the polymerization reaction. Different order of TMA addition in the silica modification step generated surface species of a similar nature, differing in their relative quantities. The highest amount of these active species was obtained when the support was added to the TMA solution rather than adding the TMA solution to the silica support. This was the most significant parameter affecting catalytic activity in ethylene polymerization. 相似文献
7.
This study investigates the phenotype of turbulent (Re = 5,200) and laminar (Re = 2,000) flow-generated Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms. Three P. fluorescens strains, the type strain ATCC 13525 and two strains isolated from an industrial processing plant, D3-348 and D3-350, were used throughout this study. The isolated strains were used to form single and binary biofilms. The biofilm physiology (metabolic activity, cellular density, mass, extracellular polymeric substances, structural characteristics and outer membrane proteins [OMP] expression) was compared. The results indicate that, for every situation, turbulent flow-generated biofilms were more active (p < 0.05), had more mass per cm(2) (p < 0.05), a higher cellular density (p < 0.05), distinct morphology, similar matrix proteins (p > 0.1) and identical (isolated strains -single and binary biofilms) and higher (type strain) matrix polysaccharides contents (p < 0.05) than laminar flow-generated biofilms. Flow-generated biofilms formed by the type strain revealed a considerably higher cellular density and amount of matrix polysaccharides than single and binary biofilms formed by the isolated strains (p < 0.05). Similar OMP expression was detected for the several single strains and for the binary situation, not dependent on the hydrodynamic conditions. Binary biofilms revealed an equal coexistence of the isolated strains with apparent neutral interactions. In summary, the biofilms formed by the type strain represent, apparently, the worst situation in a context of control. The results obtained clearly illustrate the importance of considering strain variation and hydrodynamics in biofilm development, and complement previous studies which have focused on physical aspects of structural and density differences. 相似文献
8.
Talita Moreira de Oliveira Nilda de Fátima Ferreira Soares Rodrigo Magela Pereira Kátia de Freitas Fraga 《Packaging Technology and Science》2007,20(2):147-153
Conservation of food products depends on product quality and packaging suitability. The objective of this work was to develop and evaluate the antimicrobial efficiency of natamycin‐incorporated film in the production process of Gorgonzola cheese. It aims to optimize the production process and increase shelf‐life and food safety for the consumer. Films with different concentrations of natamycin were produced and tested in Gorgonzola cheeses to evaluate its efficiency against Penicillium roqueforti on the cheese surface. Films with 2 and 4% natamycin presented satisfactory results for fungus inhibition and the amount of natamycin released to the cheese was below that allowed by the legislation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
Venezuela's vast natural resource base has largely shaped the nation's economic and energy-use patterns. Major opportunities exist for improving the efficiency of energy use in Venezuela and, consequently, restraining the growth of energy-related carbon emissions. This paper presents a detailed report of one potential development path for Venezuela and estimates the ensuing levels of energy demand and CO2 emissions associated with pursuing this path through the year 2025. The results indicate that by adopting a development strategy that incorporates structural changes in the economy, fuel-switching measures and improved end-use efficiencies, Venezuela can introduce energy efficiency and carbon restraints as part of its economic development process. 相似文献
10.
Crosslinking of tissue-derived biomaterials in 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
J. M. Lee H. H. L. Edwards C. A. Pereira S. I. Samii 《Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine》1996,7(9):531-541
In contrast to bifunctional reagents such as glutaraldehyde or polyfunctional reagents such as polyepoxides, carbodiimides belong to the class of zero-length crosslinkers which modify amino acid side-groups to permit crosslink formation, but do not remain as part of that linkage. The authors have compared the effects of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) and glutaraldehyde (the de facto industrial standard crosslinker) on the hydrothermal, biochemical, and uniaxial mechanical properties of bovine pericardium. EDC crosslinking was optimized for maximum increase in collagen denaturation temperature using variables of pH, concentration, and ratio of EDC to N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS): a reagent for formation of activated esters. EDC and glutaraldehyde crosslinked materials were subjected to hydrothermal denaturation tests, biochemical degradation by enzymes (collagenase, trypsin) and CNBr, amino acid analysis for unreacted lysine, and to high strain rate mechanical tests including: large deformation stress-strain studies (0.1 to 10 Hz), stress relaxation experiments (loading time 0.1 s) and small deformation forced vibration (1 and 10 Hz). A protocol for EDC crosslinking was developed which used 1.15% EDC (2:1 EDC:NHS) at pH 5.5 for 24 h. The increase in denaturation temperature for EDC (from 69.7±1.2°C to 86.0±0.3°C) was equivalent to that produced by glutaraldehyde (85.3±0.4°C). Both treatments equivalently increased resistance to collagenase and CNBr degradation; however, after denaturation, the EDC-treated tissue was slightly more resistant to collagenase, and markedly more resistant to trypsin. EDC-treated materials were more extensible and more elastic than glutaraldehyde-treated materials. Despite the differences in crosslinking mechanism, EDC and glutaraldehyde-treated materials are very similar. Subtle but intriguing differences in biochemical structure remain to be investigated. 相似文献