中国学术文献总库(CNKI)的主要功能和使用技巧

结合在线咨询服务和用户培训中积累的经验,就升级后新版的CNKI的主要功能和使用技巧进行了整理和总结.     

室内型胶合板天然耐久性的初步研究

作为一项反映材料优劣的重要的评价指标,天然耐久性直接决定了材料的使用寿命.笔者通过对胶合板胶合强度性能连续14年的跟踪测定,讨论和分析了胶合板的天然耐久性.最后总结出了胶合板在使用过程中随时间迁移其胶合强度性能随外界变化的规律,以期为胶合板的生产制备、生产工艺的改进及其应用领域的拓宽等方面起到一定的指导作用.     

犬瘟热及细小满毒病例消化道呼吸道细菌的分离、培养鉴定及药敏试验

犬瘟热是由犬瘟热病毒引起的犬和许多肉食目动物的一种高度接触性传染病,以早期表现双相热,急性鼻卡他以及随后的支气管炎、卡他性肺炎,严重的胃肠炎和神经症状为特征.     

供水工程影响下中国北方地区耕地后备资源开发潜力

灌溉水源是北方地区耕地后备资源能否有效开发的关键。当前,中国正在推动国家水网工程规划建设,为北方地区耕地后备资源开发提供了新的机遇。在以往研究基础上,该研究考虑北方地区已建、在建及规划的供水工程,基于自然适宜、利用高效、发展稳定三方面评价准则,结合三维魔方空间分类方法,开展了雨养情景和供水灌溉情景下耕地后备资源开发潜力分析。结果表明：雨养农业情景下,北方地区勉强适宜（Ⅱ级）、中度（Ⅲ级）和高度（Ⅳ级）适宜的耕地后备资源面积分别为2.9万、1.0万和0.6万km²。灌溉农业情景下,耕地后备资源面积明显增加,勉强适宜（Ⅱ级）、中度（Ⅲ级）和高度（Ⅳ级）适宜的耕地后备资源面积将分别达到5.4万、7.6万和6.5万km²,主要集中于新疆、内蒙古和甘肃3省（自治区）。该研究结果可为中国耕地后备资源开发利用及国家水网工程效益发挥提供参考。     

Electrochemical detection of single molecules

The electrochemical behavior of a single molecule can be observed by trapping a small volume of a dilute solution of the electroactive species between an ultramicroelectrode tip with a diameter of approximately 15 nanometers and a conductive substrate. A scanning electrochemical microscope was used to adjust the tip-substrate distance ( approximately 10 nanometers), and the oxidation of [(trimethylammonio)methyl] ferrocene (Cp(2)FeTMA(+)) to Cp(2)FeTMA(2+) was carried out. The response was stochastic, and anodic current peaks were observed as the molecule moved into and out of the electrode-substrate gap. Similar experiments were performed with a solution containing two redox species, ferrocene carboxylate (Cp(2)FeCOO(-)) and Os(bpy)(3)(2+) (bpy is 2,2'-bipyridyl).     

兰花组织培养及分子生物学研究进展

 就兰花的根、茎、叶、花和种子等方面的组织培养效率及外界条件的影响作简要综述，介绍分子生物学技术用于兰花遗传多样性、分类、基因克隆和遗传改造等方面的研究进展。     

棉铃虫对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂抗性遗传力的分析

采用域性状分析法,估算了棉铃虫对氰戊菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯和溴氟菊酯的抗性现实遗传力,并对3种菊酯的抗性风险进行了评估。结果表明,棉铃虫对氰戊菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯和溴氟菊酯的抗性现实遗传力分别为0.2027、0.1554和0.1084。假设田间种群的抗性现实遗传力为估算值的一半,杀死率为80％,预计抗性增长到10倍时,氰戊菊酯可使用14次,三氟氯氰菊酯可使用19次,溴氟菊酯可使用31次。三氟氯氰菊酯和溴氟菊酯的抗性风险明显低于氰戊菊酯;棉铃虫对含氟菊酯的抗性发展速度明显低于不含氟的菊酯。试验结果为实际应用提供了理论依据。     

新扬州鸡IGF-1基因多态性与早期生长速度关系的研究

以150只非同胞新扬州鸡为材料，采用PCR—RFLP法检测了该基因5’调控区DNA序列多态性，并运用线性模型统计方法分析了多态性与初生重和12周龄体重的关系。结果显示：新扬州鸡IGF-1基因5、调控区自然存在两种不同DNA序列，经。PstⅠ酶切后出现3种基因型(“-／-”、“-／ ”、“ ／ ”)，基因型分布符合哈代一温伯格定律。各基因型个体的初生重、12周龄体重的最小二乘均数存在“-／-”＞“ ／-”＞“ ／ ”的趋势，且“-／-”型个体的12周龄体重显著高于“ ／ ”型个体(P＜0．05)。     

Monitoring response to aminobisphosphonate therapy in canine osteosarcoma using dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry (dexa)

Introduction: Palliative therapy is essential to improve the quality of life of dogs with osteosarcoma (OSA), when definitive therapy is not considered a valid option. Bisphosphonates, a novel class of antiosteoclastic drugs, are widely used in humans for several painful osteolytic conditions. Dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is recognized as a reliable tool to measure bone mineral density (BMD), and to monitor treatment response to bisphosphonates in humans. A prospective evaluation of pamidronate, an injectable aminobisphosphonate, is ongoing in dogs with appendicular OSA. The potential value of DEXA for objective evaluation of BMD variations with palliative therapies is concurrently being assessed. Materials and Methods: Dogs with naturally occurring appendicular OSA treated with pamidronate constitute the patient population. A DEXA scan (QDR‐4500 W, Hologic, Bedford, MA) is performed on day 0 (baseline) and on every treatment day with pamidronate thereafter (every 28 days). For each dog, a whole body scan is performed, followed by a scan of the tumor, and contralateral normal bone. Three regions of interest are subsequently analyzed for BMD changes in tumor and normal bone. Statistical analysis was performed using Student t‐test and paired t‐tests, with significance being set at p < 0.05. Results: Nineteen dogs have been enrolled to date. Seven responders and 6 non‐responders have suitable data for analysis. A significant difference is observed (p = 0.04) between tumor BMD variations of responders and non‐responders at day 28 (mean variations +18.0% and ?4.6% respectively). The changes at day 28 are significant only in the responders (p = 0.038 vs p = 0.05 in non‐responders). When BMD of tumor and normal bone at day 84 is compared to day 0 in six responders, only tumor had a significant increase (p = 0.017 vs p = 0.279, respectively). Conclusions: Objective measurements of response to therapy are essential in pain palliation studies. Increased tumor bone BMD, as obtained by DEXA analysis, may correlate with subjective clinical improvement in pamidronate‐treated dogs with appendicular OSA.     

青稞镰孢根腐病病原鉴定及致病性分析

为明确青稞镰孢根腐病的病原,于青稞苗期及成株期分别对甘肃省甘南藏族自治州合作市、临潭县和卓尼县等青稞主产区的根腐病发生情况进行调查并采集样品,采用常规的组织分离法分离其病原,结合形态特征和分子生物学进行病原鉴定,并用烧杯水琼脂法和盆栽法测定其致病性。结果表明,青稞镰孢根腐病在甘肃省甘南藏族自治州分布广泛,发病率在5%～20%之间。发病植株长势弱、发黄,茎基部缢缩、腐烂,穗白粒瘪,茎秆发褐或黑红。共分离得到88株青稞镰孢根腐病病原菌,苗期50株,成株期38株,经鉴定分别为燕麦镰孢Fusarium avenaceum、木贼镰孢F.equiseti、三线镰孢F.tricinctum、柔毛镰孢F.flocciferum、锐顶镰孢F.acuminatum及F.langsethiae。盆栽法和烧杯水琼脂法所测得的致病性差异显著,但均表明燕麦镰孢综合致病力较强,结合其分离率,确认燕麦镰孢为优势病原。