单纯碎裂电位指导心房颤动消融的初步临床观察

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of mdiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrilla-tion (AF) guided by complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs). Methods Twenty-two patients with drug refractory and symptomatic AF(16 paroxysmal, 6 persisten) were enrolled. Using Carto, the left atrial or biatrial replica was created during spontaneous or induced AF, and areas associated with CFAEs were identi-fied. Radiofrequency ablation at the site with CFAEs was performed and the end points were to eliminate CFAEs or convert to sinus rhythm. Results Thirteen patients(59%)were converted to sinus rhythm, (7 cases conver-ted directly to sinus rhythm, and 6 via the intermediate atrial tachycardia(AT) or atrial flutter (AFL). The re-maining nine patients required cardioversion with D. C. shock or drug. Repeat ablation was performed in 6 pa-tients (5 AT/AFL, 1 paroxysmal AF). During(10.9 ±4.8) months follow-up, 16 patients (73%) were free of arrhythmia and symptoms. CFAEs were most commonly found along the left interatrial septum, pulmonary veins, left atrial roof. CFAEs ablation prolonged AFCL[(157 ± 18) ms vs (211 ± 32) ms, P < 0.05]. Only one patient had pericardial tamponade that required pericardiocentesis. Conclusion Radiofrequeney catheter abla-tion of atrial fibrillation (AF) guided by CFAEs is safe and effective.     

左房线性消融治疗阵发性心房颤动对心率变异性的影响

目的通过观察左房线性消融术治疗阵发性心房颤动(简称房颤)术后心率变异性(HRV)的变化来评价其对自主神经系统的影响。方法对25例行射频消融术的阵发性房颤患者,术前及术后第3天行24h动态心电图检查,分别测定最大心率,最小心率,平均心率;时域指标:RR间期标准差(SDNN),RR间期平均值的标准差(SDANN),相邻RR间期差的均方根(RMMSD),相邻RR间期差值超过50ms的RR间期所占百分数(PNN50);频域指标:低频功率(LF),高频功率(HF),低频高频比值(LF/HF)。结果患者术前最大心率,最小心率,平均心率,SDNN,SDANN,RMSSD,PNN50,LF,HF,LF/HF分别为151±41次/分,47±5次/分,70±9次/分,126±26ms,111±24ms,27±7ms,6±5ms,98±66ms2,86±119ms2,2.4±3.5;术后各指标分别为136±37次/分,66±8次/分,84±9次/分,57±17ms,53±17ms,16±7ms,2±3ms,18±19ms2,16±19ms2,1.2±1.6;手术前后各指标相比,差异有显著性(P均<0.05)。结论左房线性消融术后HRV降低,此可能是射频消融治疗房颤的机制之一。     

心律转复除颤器植入术后电风暴的发生及其对预后的影响

目的调查单中心心律转复除颤器（ICD）植入术后电风暴（ES）的发生率、发作特征和危险因素，并探讨其对患者预后的影响。方法对本中心123例植入ICD的患者进行随访。Es定义为24h内出现3次或3次以上的快速室性心律失常（VA）导致ICD治疗，或ICD监测到持续30s以上的VA但未发放治疗。结果在（26．9±21．3）个月的随访期间，共有41（33．3％）例患者（ES组）发作139次ES（3．4±3．9）次／例，其中29（70．7％）例患者的首次发作在植入后1年内出现，Es发作呈现出6：00—10：00和14：00～17：00两个高峰。多因素Logistic回归分析表明植入ICD作为心脏性猝死二级预防是ES发生的独立危险因素（OR=4．797，P=0．044）。本组共15（12．2％）例患者死亡，Es组死亡率较无Es组（24．4％对6．1％，P=0．003）显著增高，Kaplan—Meier生存曲线分析显示Es组累计生存概率明显低于无Es组（Log—rank检验P〈0．001）。结论Es发作表现为上午和下午两个高峰，可导致死亡率增高，其首次发作多在ICD植入后1年内。植入ICD作为心脏性猝死二级预防是Es发生的独立危险因素。     

埃普利酮:一种选择性醛固酮受体拮抗剂在治疗心力衰竭中的作用

近年来多项动物和临床研究已证实醛固酮对心血管系统有多种毒性作用 ,在心力衰竭的病理生理过程中起重要作用 ,醛固酮在高盐和高血管紧张素Ⅱ状态下可引起心肌纤维化 ,且这一作用独立于其致高血压作用。醛固酮可诱导多种血管炎症反应 ,可能有致急性心肌梗死作用 ,并可能在急性心肌梗死后的心室重构中起重要作用。已有多项大型临床试验证明醛固酮受体拮抗剂能明显降低心力衰竭病人的死亡率。埃普利酮对醛固酮受体的选择性大大高于安体舒通 ,所以其激素样不良反应发生率明显低于安体舒通 ,而同样能对心力衰竭病人起保护作用。     

沉默型动脉导管未闭的血流动力学特征及治疗探讨

目的　探讨沉默型动脉导管未闭 (patentductusarteriosus ,PDA)的血流动力学特征及治疗。方法　对临床结合超声心动图诊断的 7例沉默型PDA病人进行心导管检查 ,术后 3个月、6个月及每年随访一次。结果　 7例病人肺动脉平均压平均为 (16 0± 2 4 )mmHg ,肺循环和体循环血流量比 (Qp/Qs)为 1 0 8± 0 0 2 ,左向右分流量平均为 (0 32± 0 0 8)L/min ,左向右分流量占肺循环血流量比例平均为 0 0 98± 0 0 2 4。PDA最窄处平均直径为 (0 9± 0 2 )mm。 7例病人均未行外科手术和介入治疗。平均随访 9 5个月 (临床、心电图、超声心动图 ) ,未发现房室腔增大、肺动脉压增高 ,无感染性动脉内膜炎和心内膜炎发生。结论　沉默型PDA的左向右分流量很少 ,对病人的血流动力学影响小。沉默型PDA病人是否需要治疗尚无定论。     

“快－慢”型室上性心律失常的射频导管消融治疗及随访

目的：探讨射频导管消融在治疗“快—慢”型室上性心律失常中的作用。方法：用射频导管消融的方法治疗了４例“快—慢”型室上性心律失常病人。结果：１９９１年１月至１９９６年１月间，对２４１例次各种快速性心律失常进行了射频导管消融治疗。其中４例为“快—慢”型室上性心律失常，２例为反复发作性房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮＲＴ），终止时有长时间的心脏停搏并引起晕厥，原准备安装永久性心脏起搏器，ＡＶＮＲＴ根治后，由其引起的症状不复存在，电生理检查窦房结功能正常，故未安装起搏器；另２例均已植入永久性心脏起搏器，１例频繁发作快速心室率心房颤动并经常引起急性心功能不全，１例反复发作ＡＶＮＲＴ、心房扑动和心房颤动且有明显的症状，射频导管消融治疗后症状均消失，射频导管消融术对起搏器的功能无影响。３例平均随访３１±２个月，１例随访２个月未见并发症和临床症状复发。结论：射频导管消融法治疗“快—慢”型室上性心律失常具有重要的临床价值。     

冠状静脉窦和左房电传导特性的研究

目的：通过冠状窦近端和远端起搏,比较阵发性房颤组和对照组冠状窦电图波形的改变、有效不应期的变化,探讨发生房颤的电学特征改变。方法：39例因心律失常行导管射频消融的患者,其中17为阵发性房颤患者,对照组22例。置入10极电生理导管至冠状窦,在X线下使导管的9～10极位于冠状窦口。固定程序S1S2400／360ms起搏冠状窦的近端和远端,2倍的起搏阈值,记录冠状窦电图。测定远端和近端起搏局部的有效不应期。结果：在冠状窦电图上有双电位和碎裂电位房颤组占13／17,对照组占5／22（P〈0．05）。房颤组CS1～2局部有效不应期（ERP）明显较对照组短（P〈0．05）;房颤组CS9-10处ERP和对照组比较无明显差异。结论：在房颤组冠状窦电图记录到双电位和碎裂电位,同时在冠状窦远端起搏时其ERP缩短,这些可能是房颤发生的基质。     

致心律失常性右室心肌病患者Epsilon波的检出率

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Epsilon wave in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventrieular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Methods The Epsilon wave was detected in 32 patients [24 men, mean age (42.3±13.3) years] with ARVC using three different electrocardiography (ECG) recording methods: standard twelve leads ECG (S-ECG), right precordial leads ECG (R-ECG) and Fontaine bipolar precordiai leads ECG (F-ECG). The Epsilon wave was defined as wiggle, small spike wave and smooth potential between the end of the QRS complex and the beginning of the ST segment. Results Epsilon wave was detected in 37.5%, 37.5% and 50.0% patients with ARVC by S-ECG, R-ECG and F-ECG respectively. The detection rates derived from the three recording methods were similar(P ＞ 0.05). The Epsilon wave was only detectable by S-ECG in one case, by R-ECG in three cases, and by F-ECG in five cases. The detection rate of Epsilon wave was 50.0% by combined use of S-ECG and R-ECG (SR-ECG), 56.3% by combined use of S-ECG and F-ECG (SF-ECG), and 65.6% by combined use of the three recording methods (SRF-ECG). The detection rate was significantly higher by SF-ECG (56.3%) and SRF-ECG (65.6%) than by S-ECG alone (37.5%, all P ＜0.05). Most Epsilon waves detected by the S-ECG, R-ECG and F-ECG were small spiked waves. Conclusion Combined use of S-ECG, F-ECG and R-ECG could increase the detection rate of Epsilon wave in patients with ARVC.