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Christian von Sikorski 《Communication Research Reports》2018,35(2):162-171
Reports about political scandals have increased lately. Yet the general impact of news visuals and the specific role of lightness and darkness cues in images of scandalized politicians remain unclear. With the help of an experiment, the present pilot study examined the influence of candidate images and the effects of particular image backgrounds (light versus dark). While the foreground of the image depicting a politician involved in a scandal remained unchanged, the background was systematically altered. The results revealed that a light background had a positive effect on recipients’ attitudes toward the politician. In contrast, participants exposed to a dark image background demanded a more severe punishment for the politician. 相似文献
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This article suggests how we should study media and information literacies (MIL) and do so at a time, when young people nurture these literacies through multiple media practices and across spaces of learning. Our basic argument is this: in order to gain a robust knowledge base for the development of MIL we need to study literacy practices beyond print literacy and numeracy, and we need to study these practices beyond formal spaces of learning. The argument is unfolded with particular focus on ethnic minority youth since this group routinely figures as under-achieving in studies of school literacy, such as Programme for International Student Assessment. Based on a brief overview of literacy studies in view of digitization and a critical examination of recent studies of youthful media practices and ethnicity, the argument is illustrated through an empirical analysis that draws on results from a nationally representative survey of media uses among Danes aged 13–23 years. The analysis demonstrates that ethnic minority youth offer the most serious challenge to existing literacy hierarchies found in formal education. We discuss the implications of these results for educational policy-making and for future research on MIL, advocating inclusive approaches in terms of media for learning and spaces of learning. 相似文献
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Silvana Weiss Roland H. Grabner Reinhard Kargl Christian Purgstaller Andreas Fink 《Reading and writing》2010,23(6):645-671
Behavioral and neurophysiological effects of a computer-aided morphological training protocol were examined in German-speaking
children from Grades 3 to 9. Study 1 compared morphological awareness, reading, and spelling skills of 34 trained children
with an untrained control group of 34 children matched for age, sex, and intelligence. All participants in the training group
showed increases in morphological awareness, but only students from secondary school improved significantly in reading and
spelling competences. In Study 2, a subsample of 8 trained children with poor spelling and reading abilities and 10 untrained
children with higher language competencies underwent an electroencephalography testing involving three different language
tasks. The training resulted in decreased theta-activity and increased activity in lower (7–10 Hz) and upper alpha (10–13 Hz).
These findings reflect more effortful and attention-demanding processing after the training and suggest that children with
poor spelling and reading abilities use the acquired morphological knowledge in terms of a compensatory strategy. 相似文献
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Personality Traits Are Associated With Cortical Development Across Adolescence: A Longitudinal Structural MRI Study 下载免费PDF全文
Lia Ferschmann Anders M. Fjell Margarete E. Vollrath Håkon Grydeland Kristine B. Walhovd Christian K. Tamnes 《Child development》2018,89(3):811-822
How personality traits relate to structural brain changes in development is an important but understudied question. In this study, cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA), estimated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were investigated in 99 participants aged 8–19 years. Follow‐up MRI data were collected after on average 2.6 years for 74 individuals. The Big Five personality traits were related to longitudinal regional CT or SA development, but limited cross‐sectional relations were observed. Conscientiousness, emotional stability, and imagination were associated with more age‐expected cortical thinning over time. The results suggest that the substantial individual variability observed in personality traits may partly be explained by cortical maturation across adolescence, implying a developmental origin for personality–brain relations observed in adults. 相似文献
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Referees in German first-league soccer games do not award as many yellow cards in the beginning of a game as should be statistically expected. One explanation for this effect is the concept of game management (Mascarenhas, Collins, & Mortimer, 2002). Alternatively, the consistency model (Haubensak, 1992) explains the effect as a necessity of the judgment situation: Referees need to calibrate a judgment scale, and, to preserve degrees of freedom in that scale, they need to avoid extreme category judgments in the beginning (i.e., yellow cards). Experiment 1 shows that referees who judge scenes in the context of a game award fewer yellow cards than referees who see the same scenes in random order. Experiment 2 shows the combined influence of game management (by explicitly providing information about the game situation) and calibration (early vs. late scenes in the time course of a game). Theoretical implications for expert refereeing and referee training are discussed. 相似文献
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Zusammenfassung Diese Arbeit stellt ein Modell und ein System zur Steuerung von Exoskeletten mit Hilfe von elektrischen
Signalen vor, die an den Muskeln des Benutzers gemessen werden. Anhand dieser Signale wird der eigene Drehmomentbeitrag
des Benutzer zur gewünschten Bewegung abgesch?tzt, und ein einstellbarer Faktor bestimmt das vom
Exoskelett hinzugefügte Drehmoment in Bezug auf den Beitrag des Benutzers. Die Signale werden durch
ein komplexes biomechanisches Modell ausgewertet.
CR subject classification J.3 ; J.7 ; I.6.5 相似文献
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