炼油厂全流程优化建模方法研究

为了克服使用线性规划和单处理单元非线性规划进行生产优化的内在缺点，在建立原油单元、催化裂化、催化重整和汽油调合等4个重要处理单元详细模型的基础上，将单处理单元非线性过程模型集成到一个全流程优化非线性模型中。优化的目标函数是使炼油厂全厂利润最大。决策变量是那些显著影响全厂效益的变量，约束条件是单个处理单元约束条件的集合。对某炼油厂进行实例研究，结果表明该全流程模型能有效处理全厂优化问题，所得利润在线性规划的基础上提高4．5％。     

Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on the shelf-life of coated, whole and sliced mushrooms

Whole and sliced fresh mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) were packaged with PVC wrap or two polyolefins (PD-941 and PD-961) films after coating with CaCl₂ and chitosan. Package gas composition, color, weight loss and maturity were measured during storage at 12 °C and 80%RH. For PD-961, the highest in-package concentration occurred during the first day of storage regardless of treatments, while wrap and PD-941 showed varying degrees in-package concentration with different processes and coatings. The whiteness of whole mushrooms varied significantly with the type of coating, but not with the type of films. The extent of darkening was greater in coated whole mushrooms than in sliced ones. Weight loss occurred in all packages and varied from 3 (g/100 g) to about 7 (g/100 g) after 6 days of storage. Due to a lower permeability, PD-961 packages had the lowest weight loss. The type of packaging films significantly affected the maturity index, where PD-961 most effectively lowered maturity index for both whole and sliced mushrooms, thus extending the shelf-life. The type of coating did not appear to affect maturity index except for the wrap package where chitosan coating markedly lowered the maturity index of sliced mushrooms.     

Finding all hops shortest paths

In this letter, we introduce and investigate a new problem referred to as the All Hops Shortest Paths (AHSP) problem. The AHSP problem involves selecting, for all hop counts, the shortest paths from a given source to any other node in a network. We derive a tight lower bound on the worst-case computational complexities of the optimal comparison-based solutions to AHSP.     

可拆装高架火炬的应用

结合工程实例,介绍了我国第一座可拆装高架火炬的基本原理及组成,并对可拆装高架火炬与普通高架火炬在安全、技术、安装、维修、占地面积、投资等方面进行了比较,还分析了高架火炬未来的发展趋势.     

一种PDMS薄膜型微阀的制备与性能分析

通过厚胶光刻工艺在硅片上制备SU-8胶模板，利用该模板制备了高分子聚合物PDMS(Polvdimethvlsiloxane，聚二甲基硅氧烷)微流道和薄膜结构。通过对不同结构的两层PDMS的不可逆粘接得到一种简单的阀结构，在外加气源压力作用下薄膜产生变形实现对微流道的控制。实验测量了微阀的控制气源压力与被控制液体流量之间的关系，说明膜阀的开闭性能良好。根据弹性薄膜的变形理论，对影响微阀性能的参数进行了分析，并提出了几种可行的用于薄膜微阀控制的方法。     

新结构MOSFET

和传统平面结构MOSFET相比，新结构MOSFET具有更好的性能(如改善的沟道效应(SCE)，理想的漏诱生势垒降低效应(DIBL)和亚阈值特性)和更大的驱动电流等。文章主要介绍了五种典型的新结构MOSFET，包括平面双栅MOSFET、FinFET、三栅MOSFET、环形栅MOSFET和竖直结构MOSFET。随着MOSFET向亚50nm等比例缩小，这些新结构器件将大有前途。     

胡桃夹子

富于节日喜庆气氛的芭蕾舞剧《胡桃夹子》录音、录像繁多。这个伦敦科文特花园歌剧院芭蕾舞团的2000年的现场录像与其它版本比较，     

高压气体流量测量中流量计的选择和应用

结合高压气体流量测量的实际使用情况,根据使用对象和范围,对几种适合工作要求的流量计的特点进行了分析比较,重点介绍了热式质量流量计和Coriolis力质量流量计的原理,以及它们在研制工作中的应用情况和需要注意的问题.     

Passive alignment method of polymer PLC devices by using a hot embossing technique

A novel fabrication process using a hot embossing technique has been developed for micromechanical passive alignment of polymer planar lightwave circuit (PLC) devices. With only one step of embossing, single-mode waveguide straight channels and micropedestals for passive aligning are simultaneously defined on a polymer thin film with an accuracy of /spl plusmn/0.5 /spl mu/m. This process reduces the steps for fabricating alignment structures. A fabricated polymer PLC chip and fibers are combined on a v-grooved silicon optical bench (SiOB) in a flip-chip manner. The process provides a coupling loss as low as 0.67 dB per coupling face and a cost-effective packaging solution for various polymer PLC devices.