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1.
To provide insight into the stream of Medicare payments over time, a sixteen-year longitudinal study examines three age cohorts of beneficiaries, looking separately at beneficiaries who died during the study period and those who survived. The common wisdom that a small minority of the population accounts for a large majority of health care expenditures is tempered when health care use is examined over an extended period of time. By putting high average costs in the final years of life in the context of a cohort's total lifetime experience, the study shows a leveling of spending over time, resulting in a lower concentration of health care resources on a small fraction of the population. 相似文献
2.
Kocur C.M. Rogers S.K. Myers L.R. Burns T. Kabrisky M. Hoffmeister J.W. Bauer K.W. Steppe J.M. 《IEEE engineering in medicine and biology magazine》1996,15(3)
This study focuses on improving microcalcification classification by establishing an efficient computer-aided diagnosis system that extracts Daubechies-4 and biorthogonal wavelet features. These wavelets were chosen because they have been used in military target recognition and fingerprint recognition research with images characterized by low contrast, similar to mammography. Feature selection techniques are employed to further increase classification performance. The artificial neural network feature selection techniques are complemented by a conventional decision boundary-based feature selection method. The results using the wavelet features are compared to more conventional measures of image texture, angular second moment, and Karhunen Loeve coefficients. The use of alternative signal processing to compare wavelet and neural techniques allows for a measure of the problem difficulty. It is concluded that advances and contributions have been made with the introduction of two novel feature extraction methods for breast cancer diagnosis, wavelets and eigenmasses. Additionally, feature selection techniques are demonstrated, compared, and validated, transforming adequate discrimination power into promising classification results 相似文献
3.
Advances in Modeling and Simulation of Grinding Processes 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
E. Brinksmeier E. Govekar H.-W. Hoffmeister J. Peters D.J. Stephenson K. Weinert 《CIRP Annals》2006,55(2):667-696
In the last decade the relevance of modeling and simulation of grinding processes has significantly risen which is caused by industrial needs and is indicated by the number of publications and research activities in this area. This keynote paper results from a collaborative work within the STC G and gives an overview of the current state of the art in modeling and simulation of grinding processes: Physical process models (analytical and numerical models) and empirical process models (regression analysis, artificial neural net models) as well as heuristic process models (rule based models) are taken into account, and outlined with respect to their achievements in this paper. The models are characterized by the process parameters such as grinding force, grinding temperature, etc. as well as work results including surface topography and surface integrity. Furthermore, the capabilities and the limitations of the presented model types and simulation approaches will be exemplified. 相似文献
4.
Work carried out by European Associations on Safety and Environment inside the EC Fusion Technology Programme and by NET has been concentrated on safety-related guidance and on safety assessment of the NET Predesign. Emphasis has been put on analysis of accident sequences of regulatory concern up to worst case accidents, including quantification of consequences to components, systems, and plant, and of doses to the public. Probabilistic safety studies for the most important systems and broadly for the entire plant have been performed to supplement the calculated accidental doses by expectation values for their occurrence rate, and to check the relevance of the reference accident sequences selected initially by judgment. Waste masses per year of operation and for decommissioning have been quantified. For two countries and according to the practices and regulations of these countries, volumes of radioactive waste packaged for final disposal have been determined.Presented at the IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Developments in Fusion Safety, Toronto, June 7–11, 1993. 相似文献
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6.
An Iterative O‐Methyltransferase Catalyzes 1,11‐Dimethylation of Aspergillus fumigatus Fumaric Acid Amides 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Daniel Kalb Dr. Thorsten Heinekamp Dr. Sebastian Schieferdecker Prof. Dr. Markus Nett Prof. Dr. Axel A. Brakhage Prof. Dr. Dirk Hoffmeister 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2016,17(19):1813-1817
S‐adenosyl‐l ‐methionine (SAM)‐dependent methyltransfer is a common biosynthetic strategy to modify natural products. We investigated the previously uncharacterized Aspergillus fumigatus methyltransferase FtpM, which is encoded next to the bimodular fumaric acid amide synthetase FtpA. Structure elucidation of two new A. fumigatus natural products, the 1,11‐dimethyl esters of fumaryl‐l ‐tyrosine and fumaryl‐l ‐phenylalanine, together with ftpM gene disruption suggested that FtpM catalyzes iterative methylation. Final evidence that a single enzyme repeatedly acts on fumaric acid amides came from an in vitro biochemical investigation with recombinantly produced FtpM. Size‐exclusion chromatography indicated that this methyltransferase is active as a dimer. As ftpA and ftpM homologues are found clustered in other fungi, we expect our work will help to identify and annotate natural product biosynthesis genes in various species. 相似文献
7.
Inactivation Kinetics of Food Poisoning Microorganisms by Carbon Dioxide and High Hydrostatic Pressure 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The inactivation kinetics of food poisoning microorganisms using a combined treatment of carbon dioxide (CO2) with high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) was investigated. Staphylococcus aureus, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium sporotrichioides were totally inactivated by a combined treatment of carbonation and HHP at 500 MPa. Bacillus subtilis, a spore forming bacteria, were not completely inactivated after the combined treatment. The microorganisms treated by carbonation and HHP were exponentially reduced in a pressure range and the Dp ‐value, the Zp‐value, and the activation volume were determined. UV absorbing materials leaked from injured cells. Morphological changes of the cells were observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. 相似文献
8.
Quiberoni A Tremblay D Ackermann HW Moineau S Reinheimer JA 《Journal of dairy science》2006,89(10):3791-3799
Phage infections still represent a serious risk to the dairy industry, in which Streptococcus thermophilus is used in starter cultures for the manufacture of yogurt and cheese. The goal of the present study was to analyze the biodiversity of the virulent S. thermophilus phage population in one Argentinean cheese plant. Ten distinct S. thermophilus phages were isolated from cheese whey samples collected in a 2-mo survey. They were then characterized by their morphology, host range, and restriction patterns. These phages were also classified within the 2 main groups of S. thermophilus phages (cos- and pac-type) using a newly adapted multiplex PCR method. Six phages were classified as cos-type phages, whereas the 4 others belonged to the pac-type group. This study illustrates the phage diversity that can be found in one factory that rotates several cultures of S. thermophilus. Limiting the number of starter cultures is likely to reduce phage biodiversity within a fermentation facility. 相似文献
9.
10.
Ugarov MV Egan T Khabashesku DV Schultz JA Peng H Khabashesku VN Furutani H Prather KS Wang HW Jackson SN Woods AS 《Analytical chemistry》2004,76(22):6734-6742
When used in small molar ratios of matrix to analyte, derivatized fullerenes and single wall nanotubes are shown to be efficient matrices for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. The mixing of an acidic functionalized fullerene with a solution of bioanalyte, depositing a dried droplet, and irradiating with a pulsed nitrogen laser yields protonated or cationized molecular ions. Derivatized fullerenes could offer several advantages over conventional MALDI matrices: a high analyte ionization efficiency, a small molar ratios (less than 1) of matrix/analyte, and a broader optical absorption spectrum, which should obviate specific wavelength lasers for MALDI acquisitions. The major disadvantage to the use of fullerenes is the isobaric interference between matrix and analyte ions; however, it is overcome by using MALDI-ion mobility time-of-flight (IM-oTOF) mass spectrometry to preseparate carbon cluster ions from bioanalyte ions prior to TOF mass analysis. However, an alternative to the dried droplet preparation of fullerene MALDI samples is the aerosolization of matrix-analyte solutions (or slurries) followed by impacting the aerosol onto a stainless surface. We also demonstrate that the fullerene matrices can be used to acquire spectra from rat brain tissue. 相似文献