The genetic diversity,individual relatedness and possible mating system of an isolated population of the Cyprinid species Megalobrama pellgrini in upper reaches of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River,China

Megalobrama pellegrini is a cyprinid fish endemic to upper reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River, China, which is also an important economic species in the local area. In recent years,resources of this species have decreased sharply and its conservation has drawn great attention. In the present study, we collected 120 individuals from the Longxi River, a tributary isolated from the main channel of the Changjiang River, where M. pellegrini is still relatively abundant. Using two different molecular markers, mitochondrial cytochrome b(cyt b) gene, and nuclear microsatellite(simple sequence repeat,SSR), we analyzed the genetic diversity of this isolated population. The results show that sequence genetic diversity was low(H_d:0.290 and P_i: 0.000 77 for cyt b gene),while the SSR genetic diversity was high(H_o:0.824 4±0.147 2,H_e: 0.823 510.145 1). Analysis indicated that this population had experienced a bottleneck,with inbreeding and small effective population size(around 50). Based on SSR data, relatedness analyzing revealed that the 120 samples were grouped into 10 completely independent clusters. It was inferred that the mating system of M. pellegrini was polygamy. We suggested that the low genetic diversity could be induced by the overfishing and inbreeding depression. Therefore, we suggested that the urgent conservation measures should be taken to control the overfishing and give better conditions for the fish to grow and spawn, then to restore population size.     

Carbonate biomineralization induced by soil bacterium Bacillus megaterium

Biogenic carbonates spawned from microbial activities are common occurrences in soils. Here, we investigate the carbonate biomineralization mediated by the bacterium Bacillus megaterium, a dominant strain separated from a loess profile in China. Upon completing bacterial cultivation, the ensuring products are centrifuged, and the resultant supernatant and the concentrated bacterial sludge as well as the un-separated culture are added separately into a Ca-CO₃ containing solution for crystallization experiments. Results of XRD and SEM analysis indicate that calcite is the dominant mineral phase formed when the bacteria are present. When the supernatant alone is used, however, a significant portion of vaterite is also precipitated. Experimental results further reveal that the bacteria have a strong tendency to colonize the center area of the calcite {1 0  4} faces. Observed crystal morphology suggests that the bacterial colony may promote the growth normal to each individual {1 0  4} face of calcite when the cell concentration is high, but may retard it or even cause dissolution of the immediate substrate surfaces when the concentration is low. SEM images taken at earlier stages of the crystallization experiments demonstrate the nucleation of calcite on the bacterial cell walls but do not show obvious morphological changes on the nanometer- to submicron-sized nuclei. δ¹³C measurements unveil that the crystals grown in the presence of bacteria are further enriched in the heavy carbon isotope, implying that the bacterial metabolism may not be the carbon sources for the mineralization. Based upon these findings, we propose a mechanism for the B. megaterium mediated calcite mineralization and conclude that the whole process involves epi- and inter-cellular growth in the local microenvironments whose conditions may be controlled by cell sequestration and proton pumping during bacterial respiration.     

下扬子皖南地区上二叠统(泾页1井)发现海陆过渡相页岩气

<正>1研究目的(Objective)中国下扬子地区上二叠统广泛发育大隆组—龙潭组暗色页岩,但勘查程度较低,一直未获页岩气调查突破。通过前期综合研究,在下扬子皖南坳陷孤峰向斜西翼部署实施了泾页1井,在上二叠统见良好页岩气显示。开展了系统分析测试工作,评价了区域页岩气资源潜力,分析了页岩气成藏条件与富集规律,为页岩气资源评价和进一步调查部署提供了依据。     

基于DEM的三峡库区垂直形变场格林函数法模拟

利用全球免费的高精度DEM数据——SRTM数据,依据Farrell提出的质量负载产生的地壳形变理论,计算三峡库区3次蓄水后的垂直形变。结果表明,库区垂直形变分布严格遵守三峡库区新增库容,形变量随离岸距离增加急剧衰减,最大值出现在香溪段,坝区次之。     

基于北斗卫星系统的地质灾害监测系统软件设计与实现

我国是世界上地质灾害最严重的国家之一。地质灾害种类繁多,条件复杂,监测难度大,尤其是边远山区、城市、郊区等通信网络不能覆盖或者信号不稳定的地区。而北斗卫星系统具备良好的覆盖能力,其信息传输功能与特点为建立三级（总中心、分中心和野外监测站）的自动化地质灾害监测系统提供了一种新的数据传输途径。介绍了基于北斗卫星系统的地质灾害监测系统的基本情况、总中心数据管理软件和分中心数据处理软件的基本结构和主要功能、及两部分软件的设计流程和实现过程。     

吐哈盆地长流水地区铀矿成矿前景分析

在吐哈盆地中东部地区已投入部分铀矿找矿工作,但是没有取得较好的成果,本文拟对吐哈盆地中东部长流水地区铀成矿条件进行前景分析,对找矿提供一定的理论依据。研究区位于骆驼圈子浅凹陷中,南部蚀源区总体铀含量较高,目的层也具有较高的铀背景值,满足地下水的"补—径—排"条件,层间氧化带发育,通过钻探工作发现部分的铀异常以及铀矿化现象,具有较好的成矿条件。