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排序方式: 共有114条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
N Nishioka T Kawabata KH Minagawa M Nakamura A Oshima Y Mochizuki 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,43(6):434-445
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term effect of a smoking prevention program for Japanese elementary school-children in the fifth and sixth grades. The program was developed with concepts found in the Know Your Body Program and the conclusions of a National Cancer Institute-convened Expert Advisory Panel, and focused on teaching about the short-term effects of smoking and on resistance to social pressures to smoke. The study was conducted with a quasi-experimental design. An intervention group (52 boys and 54 girls) received three sessions for both the fifth grade in 1992 and the sixth grade in 1993. Moreover, the intervention group received a pre-test before the first session and a post-test after the third session in each grade. A comparison group (102 boys and 91 girls) received the same tests at the same time as the intervention group, but did not receive any program on smoking prevention. The short-term effect of the program were evaluated using the results of the pre-test in the fifth grade and of the post-test in the sixth grade in both groups. The results were as follows: 1) Remarkable short-term effects of the intervention were seen in respect to awareness of the importance of not smoking in girls, and also in the knowledge of the short-term effects of smoking in both sexes. 2) The intervention was not effective with respect to intention to smoke at the age of 20 and self-efficacy of refusing to smoke in both sexes. 3) The short-term effects were not clear in the smoking behavior in both sexes because the rates of ever smokers and of monthly smokers were almost the same for two years between the intervention group and the comparison group. 4) The smoking behaviors of children, their parents and their best friends had little influence on the results of the post-test in the sixth grade. 相似文献
2.
PURPOSE: To determine the potential benefits of applying laparoscopic techniques for the intraabdominal insertion of aortofemoral grafts and to compare results with those of conventional surgery. METHODS: Having previously demonstrated the feasibility of a totally laparoscopic aortofemoral bypass technique using carbon dioxide peritoneal insufflation in a porcine model, we now report our first human experience with this laparoscopic technique in a 49-year-old man. RESULTS: The patient's postoperative course was marked by his minimal requirements for analgesia, early ambulation, and discharge from the hospital in the morning of the third postoperative day. CONCLUSIONS: The benefits of a laparoscopic approach to aortobifemoral bypass grafting in terms of financial savings and earlier rehabilitation in this patient was significant. This less-invasive procedure warrants further investigation. 相似文献
3.
Kojima Shuichi; Takagi Nobuyuki; Minagawa Tetsuya; Fushimi Noriko; Miura Kin-ichiro 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》1999,12(10):857-862
We have previously shown that replacing the P1-site residue(Ala) of chicken ovomucoid domain 3 (OMCHI3) with a Met or Lysresults in the acquisition of inhibitory activity toward chymotrypsinor trypsin, respectively. However, the inhibitory activitiesthus induced are not strong. In the present study, we introducedadditional amino acid replacements around the reactive siteto try to make the P1-site mutants more effective inhibitorsof chymotrypsin or trypsin. The amino acid replacement AspTyrat the P2' site of OMCHI3(P1Met) resulted in conversion to a35000-fold more effective inhibitor of chymotrypsin with aninhibitor constant (Ki) of 1.17x1011 M. The Ki valueof OMCHI3(P1Met, P2'Ala) indicated that the effect on the interactionwith chymotrypsin of removing a negative charge from the P2'site was greater than that of introducing an aromatic ring.Similarly, enhanced inhibition of trypsin was observed whenthe AspTyr replacement was introduced into the P2' site of OMCHI3(P1Lys).Two additional replacements, AspAla at the P4 site and ArgAlaat the P3' site, made the mutant a more effective inhibitorof trypsin with a Ki value of 1.44x109 M. By contrast,ArgAla replacement at the P3' site of OMCHI3(P1Met, P2'Tyr)resulted in a greatly reduced inhibition of chymotrypsin, andAspAla replacement at the P4 site produced only a small changewhen compared with a natural variant of OMCHI3. These resultsclearly indicate that not only the P1-site residue but alsothe characteristics, particularly the electrostatic properties,of the amino acid residues around the reactive site of the proteaseinhibitor determine the strength of its interactions with proteases.Furthermore, amino acids with different characteristics arerequired around the reactive site for strong inhibition of chymotrypsinand trypsin. 相似文献
4.
Weidong Ding Ryota Hayashi Kohei Ochi Junya Suehiro Kiminobu Imasaka Masanori Hara Noriaki Sano Eiichi Nagao Tadao Minagawa 《Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, IEEE Transactions on》2006,13(6):1200-1207
Chemical byproducts analysis has been recognized as a powerful diagnosis method for SF6 gas-insulated switchgear (GIS). The authors have previously demonstrated that a carbon nanotube (CNT) gas sensor could detect partial discharge (PD) generated in SF6 gas. However, PD-generated decomposition gas species, which were responsible for the CNT gas sensor response, have not been identified yet. In this paper, two kinds of experiments were conducted in order to identify the responsible decomposition gas species. At first, the decomposition gas molecules adsorbed on CNTs were analyzed by Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. FTIR absorbance was observed around 735 cm-1 after CNTs were exposed to PD generated in SF6. In the second experiment, the CNT gas sensor responses to typical SF6 decomposition products (HF and SF4) were examined. The CNT gas sensor responded to these gases in the same way as to PD generated in SF6. SF4 response was larger than HF response. Based on these results, SF 4 and SOF2 emerged as candidates for the responsible decomposition gases. Electrochemical interactions between adsorbed gas molecules and CNT were discussed based on theoretical predictions of molecular orbital calculations. The calculation results suggested that both of SOF2 and SF4 could increase the CNT gas sensor conductance 相似文献
5.
The restriction of gelatinization of the legume starches, which were isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris species, was studied in terms of enzymatic digestion, light microscopic observation, measurements of X-ray diffraction, viscosity, swelling power and solubility, when the legume starch slurries were heated in step by step manner at a given rate from moderate temperature up to 90°C. Three legume starches tested showed a remarkable restriction of gelatinization, although these phenomena were not always observed in the legume starch slurry alone. Such restriction of gelatinization, however, was not observed in the waxy starch or starches which contain few amylose fractions. The formation of starch-lipid complex was ruled out as a cause because the defat treatment did not reduce the restricted gelatinization of legume starch and high amylose corn starch. From the data presented, it was suggested that physical modification of starch slurry containing amylose fraction induced the hysteretic, mutual alteration of the starch macromolecules. 相似文献
6.
Summary Multi-step precipitation separation system was developed by using aqueous mixtures of some thermosensitive polymers. The following
three polymers were used here; poly(N-n-propylacrylamide), poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), and poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide). A mixture of the three polymers showed three endothermic peaks, and the peak top temperatures were
almost consistent with that of the each polymer solution. The polymers were purified by thermal precipitation to obtain fractions
which can respond in narrow temperature ranges prior to use. In the case of the precipitation separation of two polymers mixtures,
purities of the obtained precipitate and supernatant fractions became high comparing with the case in which the unpurified
polymers were used. Parts of the polymers which were not the precipitation targets were also precipitated by the separation
procedures. This was caused not only by insolubilization of the non-targeted polymers due to their phase transitions but also
by their non-specific entanglement with the targeted polymers. The purities of the fractions also improved when the difference
of the phase transition temperature between two polymers was large enough to avoid the coprecipitation. In the case of the
precipitation separation of mixtures of the three polymers, purities of each fraction also improved when the purified polymers
were used. 相似文献
7.
The bandgap of Ga/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P grown by metalorganic vapour-phase epitaxy increases as the substrate is inclined away from the 相似文献
8.
Tatara Takako Fujii Tomiko Kawase Tokuzo Minagawa Motoi 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1985,62(6):1053-1058
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society - Kinetic parameter of hydrolysis, degree of hydrolysis, pH and temperature characteristics and positional specificity of hydrolysis of seven kinds... 相似文献
9.
Ken Takahashi Yasushi Minagawa Shigeki Yamada Tsunehiro Unno 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2001,66(1-4)
Improvement of efficiency of Al0.36Ga0.64As solar cells is advanced in two aspects of minority-carrier lifetime: reduction of majority-carrier concentration in the emitter and base layers, and reduction of deep levels in the back-surface-field (BSF) layer. A pp−n−n structure is proposed to optimize the use of the effect of reduced majority-carrier concentration, and its effectiveness verified in a preparatory experiment on Al0.3Ga0.7As solar cells. A very poor photoluminescence (PL) decay time (below 0.3 ns) of a BSF layer heavily doped with Si becomes 14-fold longer when Se is applied to the dopant instead of Si, resulting in an improvement of the external quantum efficiency near the absorption edge. These two aspects of this study lead to the realization of 16.6% efficiency under 1-sun, AM 1.5 global conditions with an Al0.36Ga0.64As solar cell. 相似文献
10.
Shohei Minagawa Shoji Fujiwara Takeshi Hashimoto Takashi Hayashita 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(9)
Cyclodextrins (CyDs) are water-soluble host molecules possessing a nanosized hydrophobic cavity. In the realm of molecular recognition, this cavity is used not only as a recognition site but also as a reaction medium, where a hydrophobic sensor recognizes a guest molecule. Based on the latter concept, we have designed a novel supramolecular sensing system composed of Zn(II)-dipicolylamine metal complex-based azobenzene (1-Zn) and 3A-amino-3A-deoxy-(2AS,3AS)-γ-cyclodextrin (3-NH2-γ-CyD) for sensing adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP). 1-Zn showed redshifts in the UV-Vis spectra and induced circular dichroism (ICD) only when both ATP and 3-NH2-γ-CyD were present. Calculations of equilibrium constants indicated that the amino group of 3-NH2-γ-CyD was involved in the formation of supramolecular 1-Zn/3-NH2-γ-CyD/ATP. The Job plot of the ICD spectral response revealed that the stoichiometry of 1-Zn/3-NH2-γ-CyD/ATP was 2:1:1. The pH effect was examined and 1-Zn/3-NH2-γ-CyD/ATP was most stable in the neutral condition. The NOESY spectrum suggested the localization of 1-Zn in the 3-NH2-γ-CyD cavity. Based on the obtained results, the metal coordination interaction of 1-Zn and the electrostatic interaction of 3-NH2-γ-CyD were found to take place for ATP recognition. The “reaction medium approach” enabled us to develop a supramolecular sensing system that undergoes multi-point interactions in water. This study is the first step in the design of a selective sensing system based on a good understanding of supramolecular structures. 相似文献