福建平潭虎潮山滑坡成因机理分析与评价

虎潮山滑坡位于平宏公路12k 704~12k 884段北侧山坡体上,是平潭海岛通往陆地的唯一公路通道。论文通过定性的工程地质分析和定量计算评价了虎潮山坡体稳定性的变化趋势,提出改建公路超挖深切坡脚和持续长时间强降雨导致的孔隙水压力作用是边坡发生滑动破坏的主要因素。     

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK CORRECTION OF ROUGH ERRORS OF OBSERVATIONS*

In the context of tower measured radiation datasets.following the correction principle meeting a diagnostic equation in data quality control and in terms of a technique for model construction on data and ANN (artificial neural network) retrieval for BP correction of radiation measurements with rough errors available,a BP model is presented.Evidence suggests that the developed model works well and is superior to a convenient multivariate linear regression model,indicating its wide applications.     

青藏高原土壤水热分布特征及冻融过程在季节转换中的作用

利用GAME-Tibet期间所取得的高分辩率土壤温度和含水量资料，对青藏高原（主要是藏北高原）土壤水热分布特征及冻融过程在季节转换中的作用进行了分析。指出藏北高原4cm学深处土壤在10月份开始冻结，次年4-5月份开始消融，冻结持续时间长达5-7个月。冻结过程有利于土壤维持其水分，因此，在刚刚开始消融时土壤含水量仍然很高。从而为夏季风爆发前土壤通过蒸发向大气提供水分打下了基础。指出土壤冻融过程可能在高原季节转换中起着重要作用。     

列车荷载对平行换乘地铁车站深基坑变形影响

根据地铁车站轨道结构的特点,利用集总参数法建立了轮轨竖向耦合振动模型;分析了新建地铁车站深基坑开挖过程中既有车站内的轮轨接触荷载对车站结构及其周围土层变形的影响.通过计算分析认为,列车荷载引起的结构变形在允许值的7 %范围以内,引起的地面沉降在允许值的3 %范围以内.     

The diurnal and seasonal characteristics of urban heat island variation in Beijing city and surrounding areas and impact factors based on remote sensing satellite data

Based on the land surface temperature (LST), the land cover classification map,vegetation coverage, and surface evapotranspiration derived from EOS-MODIS satellite data, and by the use of GIS spatial analytic technique and multivariate statistical analysis method, the urban heat island (UHI) spatial distribution of the diurnal and seasonal variabilities and its driving forces are studied in Beijing city and surrounding areas in 2001. The relationships among UHI distribution and landcover categories, topographic factor, vegetation greenness, and surface evapotranspiration are analyzed. The results indicate that: (i) The significant UHI occur in Beijing city areas in the four seasons due to high heat capacity and multi-reflection of compression building, as well as with special topographic features of its three sides surrounded by mountains,especially in the summer. The UHI spatial distribution is corresponding with the urban geometry structure profile. The LST difference is approximately 4-6℃ between Beijing city and suburb areas, comparatively is 8- 10℃ between Beijing city area and outer suburb area in northwestern regions. (ii) The UHI distribution and intensity in daytime are different from nighttime in Beijing city area, the nighttime UHI is obvious. However, in the daytime, the significant UHI mainly appears in the summer, the autumn takes second place, and the UHI in the winter and the spring seem not obvious. The surface evapotranspiration in suburb areas is larger than that in urban areas in the summer, and high latent heat exchange is evident, which leads to LST difference between city area and suburb area. (iii) The reflection of surface landcover categories is sensitive to the UHI, the correlation between vegetation greenness and UHI shows obviously negative.The scatterplot shows that there is the negative correlation between NDVI and LST (R2 = 0.6481).The results demonstrate that the vegetation greenness is an important factor for reducing the UHI,and large-scale construction of greenbelts can considerably reduce the UHI effect.     

元谋人时代研究评述——兼论我国早更新世古人类时代问题

我国早更新世古人类遗址时代的确定对于认识早期人类起源、扩散与演化具有重要意义。对元谋人化石的各种年龄测定结果和认识分歧进行了综合评述。综合分析认为，在翔实的岩石地层学和古生物地层学基础上，开展高分辨率磁性地层学研究是解决包括元谋人在内的这一时期哺乳动物时代科学问题的最有效的研究途径。     

川纹笛鲷消化道优势菌群PCR-DGGE指纹图谱比较分析

采用免培养的16S rDNA梯度凝胶电泳技术（DGGE）对集约化海水网箱养殖川纹笛鲷（Lutjanus sebae）的消化道胃壁、胃内容物、肠壁、肠内容物优势菌群结构进行了比较分析。研究结果显示,川纹笛鲷消化道存在着丰富多样的细菌群落,对DGGE指纹图谱聚类分析表明菌群组成相似度高于55％,其中胃内容物及胃壁细菌组成相似度最高（90％）,这可能与摄食饵料在消化道推移有关;而胃壁与肠壁相似度相对最差,可能反应了由于生理环境不同引起的宿主差异性。通过建立川纹笛鲷消化道16S rDNA-DGGE指纹图谱及比较分析,为澄清川纹笛鲷消化道微生物区系奠定了基础。     

南京市日最高气温对支气管和心血管类疾病就诊人数的影响

融合应用分布滞后非线性模型(Distributed Lag Mon-linear Model,DLNM)与广义相加模型(Generalized Additive Model,GAM),在控制新冠疫情影响、节假日效应、星期效应、长期趋势以及大气污染因子等因素基础上,探究了2018—2020年南京市日最高气温与当地支气管类、心血管类疾病就诊人数的暴露反应关系,包括滞后效应和累积效应。结果表明:对于支气管类疾病,冬季为高风险期,低温的即时效应和累积效应显著;中短期累积作用下,气温越低危险性越大;长期累积作用下,10 ℃左右的危险性最大;高温累积效应不显著,30 ℃左右滞后效应显著。对于心血管类疾病,低温的即时效应和累积效应显著,11~12 ℃左右影响的累积效应和持续性最强;高温的滞后效应显著,温度越高,滞后效应越明显;长期暴露于高温环境的患病风险会快速增加,日最高气温32 ℃左右的暴露累积风险最大。针对这两类疾病,当日最高气温在22~24 ℃范围内,属于人体最舒适温度。     

鱼类疫苗浸泡免疫策略优化的研究现状

疫苗是一种针对特定疾病并改善免疫者免疫力的生物制剂。疫苗能刺激免疫者的免疫系统产生特异性免疫反应和非特异性免疫反应,提高免疫者的抗病能力,达到免疫保护的效果。浸泡免疫是鱼类特有的免疫接种方法,该方法能简化人工操作、减少工作强度、降低鱼体应激、刺激鱼体的黏膜系统,可在短时间内完成大量的免疫工作。正确的疫苗使用有助于提高疫苗的效果。作者对鱼类黏膜免疫机制、鱼类疫苗浸泡免疫方式、浸泡免疫策略优化的方法、浸泡免疫面临的问题以及浸泡免疫的发展趋势等进行综述,以期为鱼类病害防治和鱼体免疫增强的研究提供新思路和新策略。     

后撤式逆冲推覆断层成因机制及物理模拟——以准噶尔盆地西北缘克-百断裂带为例

位于准噶尔盆地西北缘中段的克-百断裂带,晚二叠世以来发育了一系列后撤式逆冲断层。长期以来,关于克-百断裂带高角度逆冲断层的成因机制一直处于争论当中,后撤式逆冲断层的物理模拟在国内尚未见文献报道。论文通过地震解释研究了克-百断裂带的构造变形特征及其演化阶段;应用断层"活动性系数"理论,半定量地描述了挤压条件下断层"活动性系数"、摩擦系数与断层倾角之间的关系,证明了挤压条件下也能形成高角度逆断层;结合"造山楔"理论解释了后撤式逆冲断层的成因机制。研究认为,克-百断裂带后撤式逆冲断层是印支期、燕山期持续挤压和扎伊尔山隆升效应综合作用的产物:挤压过程中发生"泊松效应",随着断层倾角增大,断层面上的正压力迅速增大、"活动性系数"降低,当倾角增大到一个临界值后断层停止活动,形成高角度的逆断层;同时扎伊尔山隆升造成挤压应力上移,为断层的后撤奠定了基础。最后利用砂箱物理实验模拟了克-百断裂带后撤式逆冲断层的形成过程。