Biotransformation of diphenyl ether by the yeastTrichosporon beigelii SBUG 752

Trichosporon beigelii SBUG 752 was able to transform diphenyl ether. By TLC, HPLC, GC, GC-MS, NMR- and UV-spectroscopy, several oxidation products were identified. The primary attack was initiated by a monooxygenation step, resulting in the formation of 4-hydroxydiphenyl ether, 2-hydroxydiphenyl ether and 3-hydroxydiphenyl ether (48:47:5). Further oxidation led to 3,4-dihydroxydiphenyl ether. As a characteristic product resulting from the cleavage of an aromatic ring, the lactone of 2-hydroxy-4-phenoxymuconic acid was identified. The possible mechanism of ring cleavage to yield this metabolite is discussed.     

Metabolism of 2-chloro-4-methylphenoxyacetate by Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP 134

2-Chloro-4-methylphenoxyacetate is not a growth substrate for Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP 134 and JMP 1341. It is, however, being transformed by enzymes of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolism to 2-chloro-4-methyl-cis, cis-muconate, which is converted by enzymatic 1,4-cycloisomerization to 4-carboxymethyl-2-chloro-4-methylmuconolactone as a dead end metabolite. Chemically, only 3,6-cycloisomerization occurs, giving rise to both diastereomers of 4-carboxychloromethyl-3-methylbut-2-en-4-olide. Those lactones harbonring a chlorosubstituent on the 4-carboxymethyl side chain were surprisingly stable under physiological as well as acidic conditions.     

Configurational and Conformational Analysis of Regular and Modified Nucleosides by 1D-NOE Difference Spectroscopy

Abstract

1D-Nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) spectroscopy on regular and modified nucleosides provides qualitative and semiquantitative information about configurational and conformational parameters. The formula scheme shows selected nucleosides which were studied with this technique.     

Ro?haarpilze als Nestbau-Material brasilianischer V?gel

Zusammenfassung In Brasilien verwenden einige Vogelarten die roßhaarähnlichen Rhizomorphen der PilzgattungMarasmius zum Nestbau. Dieses Material, das nicht mit verwitterten Ranken der BromelieTillandsia usneoides verwechselt werden darf, ist ebenso zur Auspolsterung der Nestmulde in offenen Napfnestern (Roßhaarkissen!) wie als Binde- und Flechtmaterial zum Befestigen von Nestern im Gezweig und zur Herstellung von geschlossenen Beutelnestern dienlich. Die weite Verbreitung vonMarasmius pilzen mit Roßhaarmyzelien macht die Verwendung dieser Fäden als Baumaterial in Vogelnestern auch in anderen tropischen Gebieten der Erde wahrscheinlich. Anhangweise wird ein Niststoff behandelt, der aus pilzüberzogenen Reisern besteht. Dieses Material wirkt anscheinend durch seine kalkweiße Farbe anziehend auf manche Vogelarten.Mit 4 Abbildungen     

An Optimized Immunohistochemistry Technique Improves NMO-IgG Detection: Study Comparison with Cell-Based Assays

Cell-based assays (CBA) have increased the sensitivity of the neuromyelitis optica (NMO)-IgG/aquaporin-4-antibody detection compared to classical tissue-based indirect assays. We describe the sensitivity of an optimized immunohistochemistry (IHC-o) to detect NMO-IgG/aquaporin-4-antibody in comparison with that of two CBA: an in-house (CBA-ih) and a commercial (CBA-c) assay (Euroimmun, Germany). Coded serum from 103 patients with definite NMO and 122 inflammatory controls were studied by IHC-o, CBA-ih, and CBA-c. IHC-o used the same protocol described to detect antibodies against cell surface antigens. CBA-ih used live cells transfected with the aquaporin-4-M23-isoform. The sensitivity of the IHC-o was 74.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 65-83) and was similar to that of the CBA-ih 75.7% (95% CI 66-84) and the CBA-c 73.8% (95% CI 64-82). The specificity of the three assays was 100% (95% CI 97-100). Interassay concordance was high, 100 of 103 samples were coincident in all techniques. The optimized immunohistochemistry proves to be as sensitive and specific as the cell-based assays. This assay extends the available tools for NMO-IgG/aquaporin-4-antibody detection.     

Untersuchungen über die fungicide Wirkung des elementaren Schwefels auf Conidien von Fusarium decemcellulare (Brick)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Forsdiungsberidit über Ammoniten

New perceptions gained since publication of Treatise, Part L (1957), on shell structure and organisation of Ammonoidea are described and features of phylogenetical and geographical nature are discussed. In this report biostratinomy and mode of life remained unconsidered. New results concerning the mode of life are included in the PalMäontologische Zeitschrift, volume 49, part 3 of 1975.