定量分析第三纪以来环境变化的新方法——特有种气候分析法

There are many extant endemic plants in China, which were widelydistributed in the North Hemisphere during Tertiary. The global cooling during the Tertiary caused a series of narrow distribution regions of the plants. Quaternary glaciation invaded most regions of North America and Eurasia where severe destruction was imposed onto vegetation. However, such destruction was lessened in China largely because of specific topographic and geographical and obviously, a number of other conditions accounted for an unusual refugee camp for the relics of plants in China, among which lots of endemic taxa exist. Recently, Chinese endemic species, such as Metaseqouia, Eucommia, have been employed to conduct multi-disciplinary comprehensive studies so as to analyze Tertiary climate changes quantitatively. Meanwhile, a rigorous method, i.e. climate analysis of endemic species (CAES) has come to maturation. This method is characteristic of some generality because it is supposed to be applicable to the endemic species in other regions of the world. CAES is involved in the following aspects: 1. Conduct multidisciplinary studies on living and fossil species of endemic plants and trace their evolutionary courses. 2. Compare fossil species with living one and clarify which is the nearest living relative (NLR) to fossil counterpart. 3. Fossils and their living counterparts (NLR) are supposed to have similar ecological requirements to meet their life cycles. 4. Investigate the geographic distribution of living and fossil plants within the same taxa and ascertain the dynamic changes of their distributions in geological age. 5. Analyze climate factors in the distribution of specific endemic taxa and obtain the data of climatic characters which are suitable for reconstruction of paleoclimate where fossil counterparts lived. 6. Further study the physio-ecology of living species and determinate paleoclimate where fossil counterparts lived. 7. Integrate analysis of the data from steps 4, 5 and 6, and quantitatively reconstruct the climate where fossil and living plants survive.     

胡先骕的古植物学情结

..世界著名植物分类学家胡先骕教授(1894-1968),是一位博古通今、学贯中西的学者。他不仅对植物分类学家有很深的造诣,而且对古植物学也情有独钟。如他在《植物分类学简编》这本著名教科书中,就特别谈到“演化和分类的关系”,认为“演化是分类的基础”,并十分强调化石植物是探讨植物系统演化的重要证据。同时,他还有意识地向读者介绍一些古植物学基本知识与经典文献,以引导植物科学工作者培养古今结合的思想方法和工作作风。胡先骕教授曾先后两次赴美国留学,头一次是1913—1916年,在美国加州大学农学院学习森林植物,获学士学位。第二次是192…     

介绍双子叶植物叶结构分类术语

本文系统地介绍了双子叶植物叶结构分类术语。这不仅有利于术语规范化,而且有利于国内外同行交流。     

植物对环境的响应--定量重建古气候的研究进展

生物演化的本质是生物遗传物质与外部环境的辩证统一。一方面,植物和环境的协调发展推动植物界自身的演化;另一方面,外部环境的改变在植物的形态结构、生理功能、繁衍机理,以至最终在遗传物质上留下痕迹,这就是植物对环境的响应。从长时间尺度上(可以达到上亿年)研究植物界的发生发展,是一个探讨和理解植物起源与演化的生命科学问题,也是从宏观角度认识生物演化和全球变化的相关关系的环境科学问题。目前,国际上对全球环境变化的研究,正在加大研究的时间尺度和提高研究的精确程度,即在距今百万年至数千万年,甚至更长的时间范围内,从定性到定量的研究和理解全球变化的过程、规律和机制,以便更有效地预测气候的未来变化。本文介绍了最近10年里,采用特有种气候分析法、共存分析法、叶相分析法、植物气孔参数与古大气CO2浓度变化的相关性,定量研究古环境和古气候方面所取得的进展。     

考证术语“活化石”的由来

术语“活化石”（living fossil）是地层古生物学和生物多样性等研究领域的常见术语，它也是我们目常生活中较为常用的一个词语，已应用到生活的方方面面，可谓是家喻户晓，妇孺皆知。通过“谷歌（Google）”和“百度”搜索引擎分别对“living fossil”和“活化石”进行搜索，可以获得大量有关“活化石”的资讯。利用“维普资讯一中文科技期刊数据库”搜索关键词“活化石”可以检索到很多涉及“活化石”的论文。     

中国植物科学信息化与 Internet

中国植物科学信息化与Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ孙启高宋书银王宇飞（中国科学院植物研究所北京１０００９３）娄治平（中国科学院资源环境科学技术局北京１００８６４）ＣＯＭＰＵＴＥＲＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＰＬＡＮＴＳＣＩＥＮＣＥＳＯＦＣＨＩＮＡＡＮＤＩＮＴＥＲＮＥＴＳＵＮ...     

定量研究晚白垩世以来陆地生态系统演化格局和过程的新进展

陆地植物的起源和演化与全球气候环境存在着密不可分的关系,而且地质历史时期全球气候环境和植被均呈动态变化,被子植物在白垩纪开始出现,并发生强烈分化,成为植物界的主宰,对这全球陆地生态系统的演化格局和过程产生重要影响,大量保存在地层中具有叶相特征的被子植物叶化石对认识这一过程提供了极为重要的生物学信息,简述了利用被子植物的叶相对古气候,古地理等进行定量分析的研究历史,“气候与叶片多变量分析程序”（Climate-Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program CLAMP）颇具特色,运用CLAMP在定量解释古气候等方面可以得到准确而精确的结果,这对定量重建晚白垩世以来全球陆地气候环境变化的格局与过程具有十分重要的意义,并对今后的深入研究作了展望。