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1.
A Homozygous RAB3GAP1:c.743delC Mutation in Rottweilers with Neuronal Vacuolation and Spinocerebellar Degeneration 下载免费PDF全文
2.
Kim M. Plummer Sarah J. Clark Lana M. Ellis Ashwini Loganathan Taha H. Al-Samarrai Erik H.A. Rikkerink Patrick A. Sullivan Matthew D. Templeton Peter C. Farley 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(3):265-274
Peptidases have been implicated in the pathogenicity of fungi that cause disease in plants. Expression of the secreted aspartic peptidase gene (gcsap), of a Glomerella cingulata isolate pathogenic on apples, is induced during appressorium formation. To determine whether the secreted aspartic peptidase (GcSAP) is essential to pathogenicity, gcsap was disrupted using a vector containing a 637 bp fragment of genomic DNA that encodes the sequence spanning the two active site aspartic acid (Asp) residues. To ensure that the truncated gcsap gene products could not have residual peptidase activity the codons for the active site residues Asp112 and Asp297 were both mutated to histidine residues. Both PCR and Southern analysis confirmed disruption of gcsap. Neither gcsap mRNA nor GcSAP activity was detected in the disruption mutant. Pathogenicity tests on fruit from three apple cultivars showed that GcSAP was not required for pathogenicity. The disruption mutant grew on medium containing protein as the sole source of nitrogen because G. cingulata secretes a previously undetected peptidase(s). A serine peptidase that had a pH optimum between pH 7.0 and 8.0 and a K
m of 0.25 mM for the synthetic substrate succinyl-Ala–Ala–Pro–Phe-p-nitroanilide was identified. 相似文献
3.
Loganathan Karthiba Kandasamy Saveetha Seetharaman Suresh Thiruvengadam Raguchander Duraisamy Saravanakumar Ramasamy Samiyappan 《Pest management science》2010,66(5):555-564
BACKGROUND: The biological control of plant pests and diseases using a single organism has been reported to give inconsistent and poor performance. To improve the efficacy, bioformulations were developed possessing mixtures of bioagents. RESULTS: Bioformulations combining Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula strains Pf1 and AH1 and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuill. isolate B2 were developed and tested for their efficacy against leaffolder pest and sheath blight disease on rice under glasshouse and field conditions. The combination of Pf1, AH1 and B2 effectively reduced the incidence of leaffolder insect and sheath blight disease on rice compared with other treatments. An in vitro assay of leaffolder preference to rice leaf tissues treated with Pf1 + AH1 + B2 biformulation showed variation from normal growth and development of leaffolder larvae. Plants treated with the Pf1 + AH1 + B2 combination showed a greater accumulation of enzymes, lipoxygenase and chitinase activity against leaffolder insect compared with other treatments. Similarly, the plants showed a higher accumulation of defence enzymes, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity against sheath blight pathogen in Pf1 + AH1 + B2 treatment compared with the untreated control. The bioformulation mixture attracted the natural enemy population of leaffolder under field conditions. In addition, a significant increase in rice grain yield was observed in Pf1 + AH1 + B2 treatment compared with the untreated control. CONCLUSION: The combination of P. fluorescens strains and B. bassiana isolate effectively reduced the incidence of leaffolder insect and sheath blight disease on rice plants and showed the possibility of controlling both pest and disease using a single bioformulation. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
4.
Chandana Basalapura Rangegowda Ramesh Sampangi Basanagouda Gonal Kirankumar Rotti Ashwini Kyasampalli Venkatesh Reddy 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2021,68(7):2743-2748
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Growth habit is a plant architectural trait in grain legumes with no exception of horse gram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.]. Determinacy and... 相似文献
5.
The innate immune system of fish is considered first line of defense against a broad spectrum of pathogens. Being a component of innate immunity and lying at the interface between fish and the aqueous environment, skin mucus plays a frontier role in protecting fish from infections. In the present study, skin mucus of Cirrhinus mrigala, Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Rita rita and Channa punctata, inhabiting different ecological niches, was analyzed to characterize potential innate immune factors such as lysozyme, proteases, phosphatases, esterase and sialic acid. The enzyme activities were high in bottom dweller species, C. punctata and C. mrigala, and low in clean water inhabiting species, L. rohita and C. catla. An inverse relationship was observed between the level of enzyme activity and the sialic acid content in these fish species. In R. rita, however, the levels of all factors were found to be low. Zymographic analysis with labeled Micrococcus lysodeikticus revealed three isoforms of lysozyme in C. punctata and two in each species, C. mrigala, L. rohita and C. catla. In R. rita, lysozyme could not be detected. Gelatin zymography revealed that serine and metalloproteases were the major mucus proteases in all fish species investigated. In addition, trypsin-like protease and Ca(++)-specific serine proteases were observed in skin mucus. Increased knowledge of these parameters could be useful in understanding the role of skin mucus in the innate immune system of fish species inhabiting different ecological niches. 相似文献
6.
Carbon nanotubes (CNT)/chitosan films and fibers can find use in specialized applications like the artificial muscles and
other intelligent switching devices. The dispersion state of the single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in chitosan matrix
plays a major role in deciding the ultimate properties of composite. A suitable chemical treatment for purification and functionalization
of SWCNTs is reported. Optimal conditions to prepare water soluble and stable, dispersion of SWCNT in chitosan are presented.
The dispersion behavior of purified and functionalized SWCNT was characterized by visual observations, transmission electron
microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The dispersion obtained using functionalized SWCNT was stable, while the purified
SWCNT dispersion showed limited stability. The better stability of functionalized SWCNT dispersion in chitosan was evidenced
by improved interaction between chitosan and carboxyl functional groups of SWCNT. 相似文献
7.
The present study determined the effective concentrations of clove oil and MS‐222 in juvenile rohu Labeo rohita for quick induction and recovery. The immune‐biochemical responses due to 0, 1 and 24 hr exposure to those anaesthetics were also evaluated. Of four concentrations of the anaesthetics examined, the lowest effective concentration of clove oil and MS‐222 were 50 µl/L and 125 mg/L respectively. Clove oil and MS‐222 significantly increased the myeloperoxidase, total protein and alkaline phosphatase activity at some of the holding durations. However, superoxide anion production (after 0 and 1 hr) and antiprotease activity (after 24 hr) were significantly reduced in fish exposed to clove oil. Serum glucose content was significantly elevated in the MS‐222‐treated group. Furthermore, the clove oil‐treated group showed significantly higher levels of serum Na+ and K+, while the aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities were significantly enhanced in the MS‐222 group. The use of both clove oil and MS‐222 is advised as an anaesthetic agent for rohu with a bias towards clove oil, considering its economic and operational feasibility. 相似文献
8.
S. P. Palaniappan P. Sudhi Sreedhar P. Loganathan J. Thomas 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1997,25(3):279-284
Interstrain competitiveness is a key factor affecting the performance of rhizobium inoculant. In the present study five native
strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, namely SSF 4, SSF 5, SSF 6, SSF 7 and SSF 8, were assessed for their competitiveness in nodulating soybean using serological
methods. The strains were inoculated individually or with the type strain USDA 110 at a 1:1 ratio. Nodule occupancy determined
by immunofluorescence and dot immunoblot assay revealed that under in vitro conditions SSF 8 is more competitive than USDA 110
whereas the others were less competitive. The competitive ability of these strains was also estimated in pot culture in the
field. In red soil both SSF 8 and USDA 110 were equally competitive whereas in black soil SSF 8 competed better than USDA 110
and produced more nodules. In a black soil field trial using a randomized block design, USDA 110 or SSF 8, when inoculated
alone, occupied the majority of the nodules and enhanced nodule dry weight and shoot biomass. SSF 8 was more competitive when
the strains were co-inoculated.
Received: 1 November 1996 相似文献
9.
Soybean samples were treated with gamma-radiation doses between 0.5 and 5 kGy for achieving insect disinfestation and microbial decontamination. Nutritional quality of soybeans with respect to antioxidant isoflavone content was tested in radiation-treated and untreated samples. Changes in major isoflavones such as genistein, diadzein, glycetein, and their glycosides were monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography. Interestingly, a decrease in content of glycosidic conjugates and an increase in aglycons were noted with increasing radiation dose. Antioxidant potential measured as percent 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity showed an increasing trend with dose, indicating that radiation processing as a method of food preservation has a positive nutritional implication. 相似文献
10.
Changing governance of the world's forests 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Major features of contemporary forest governance include decentralization of forest management, logging concessions in publicly owned commercially valuable forests, and timber certification, primarily in temperate forests. Although a majority of forests continue to be owned formally by governments, the effectiveness of forest governance is increasingly independent of formal ownership. Growing and competing demands for food, biofuels, timber, and environmental services will pose severe challenges to effective forest governance in the future, especially in conjunction with the direct and indirect impacts of climate change. A greater role for community and market actors in forest governance and deeper attention to the factors that lead to effective governance, beyond ownership patterns, is necessary to address future forest governance challenges. 相似文献