福克纳小说叙事的时空观及其意义

福克纳小说表现出一种特有的时空观,这种时空观既构成了其小说特殊的结构形式,成为一种创作技巧;同时又是其小说创作内容和题材的形象化和具体化,是作家创作中的自觉的精神追求,是作家始终如一的表现人类追逐时间,占有时间的人道主义思想的独特展现.它从历史观和人生观的角度体现着福克纳以文学的方式对人类生命整体意义的特殊关注.     

Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar Image Classification by a Hybrid Method

Different methods proposed so far for accurate classification of land cover types in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image are data specific and no general method is available. A novel hybrid framework for this classification was developed in this work. A set of effective features derived from the coherence matrix of polarimetric SAR data was proposed. Constituents of the feature set are wavelet, texture, and nonlinear features. The proposed feature set has a strong discrimination power. A neural network was used as the classification engine in a unique way. By exploiting the speed of the conjugate gradient method and the convergence rate of the Levenberg-Marquardt method (near the optimal point), an overall speed up of the classification procedure was achieved. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to shrink the dimension of the feature vector without sacrificing much of the classification accuracy. The proposed approach is compared with the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) based on the complex Wishart distribution and the results show the superiority of the proposed method, with the average classification accuracy by the proposed method (95.4%) higher than that of the MLE (93.77%). Use of PCA to reduce the dimensionality of the feature vector helps reduce the memory requirements and computational cost, thereby enhancing the speed of the process.     

SUS441不锈钢/Al金属间化合物微叠层复合板的界面结构与力学性能

采用“表面预处理—交替层叠—热轧复合—热处理”的工艺流程制备了SUS441不锈钢/Al金属间化合物微叠层复合板。利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜等检测与表征方法研究了热处理温度对复合板界面形貌、微观组织、物相组成、维氏硬度、拉伸性能的影响。结果表明：复合板界面结合良好;热处理后,固–液反应界面氧化严重,易导致界面分层而开裂;固–固、固–半固、固–液热处理后,金属间化合物层由均匀层和两相层组成,均匀层的物相组成为Fe₂A1₅,两相层的物相组成为Fe₄Al₁₃和Al₁₃Cr₂,且两相层具有韧性特征,固–半固反应所得到的复合板的综合力学性能最佳。     

二阶脉冲边值问题一个正解的存在性

利用Schauder不动点定理Leray-Schauder型非线性替换讨论了具有连续二阶脉冲狄利克莱边界值问题一个更广泛的、新的正解存在性理论。应用此存在性理论,还可以进一步深入探讨具有奇性的情况。     

N+离子注入Ti-4Al-2V合金的表面分析研究

作者采用3×1017/cm2和8×1017cm2两种注量对Ti-4Al-2V合金样品进行了N+离子注入,N离子能量75keV,在注入过程中样品温度控制在200℃以下.对注入前后的样品进行了X射线衍射(XRD)以及光电子能谱(XPS)分析.由XRD衍射谱表明,离子注入后有新相TiN和TiO2生成.由XPS宽程扫描谱表明,注入后样品表面主要为Ti,C,N和O.对Ti2p和N1s的XPS窄程扫描谱也证明,离子注入后致使合金近表面形成了TiN和TiO2.     

宏粒子强化真菌浸矿研究

真菌浸出是一种具有发展潜力的新型生物浸矿方法,但需研发强化浸出技术提高浸出率。研究了陶瓷颗粒和玻璃珠两种宏粒子强化黑曲霉浸铀。结果表明:两种宏粒子均可提高铀的浸出率。宏粒子的粒径和加入量对黑曲霉浸铀效果有明显影响。加入1 mm、50 g/L的陶瓷颗粒,铀浸出率为71.11%,比对照组提高了6.19%;加入1 mm、20 g/L的玻璃珠,铀浸出率为76.04%,比对照组提高了11.12%。     

Elemental compartmentalization in seeds of Atriplex triangularis and Atriplex confertifolia

Seeds of two halophytes, Atriplex triangularis, which grows in a mesic saline marsh environment, and Atriplex confertifolia, which grows in a xeric desert environment, were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis for the distribution of elements. The highest concentration of sodium, chlorine, potassium, and calcium was present in seed coats of A. triangularis. All of the elements detected were at low concentrations in the endosperm. Embryos contained the highest amount of phosphorus that is probably associated with organophosphate compounds. Potassium was also high in embryos. The total amount of elements in all regions of A. confertifolia was low as compared to A. triangularis. In a similar pattern sodium, chlorine, potassium, and calcium were the highest in seed coats of A. confertifolia. Elemental concentration was also low in the endosperm. Likewise, the phosphorus level was the highest in the embryo. The results support the concept of elemental compartmentalization in seeds of these halophytes.     

Histochemical characterization of the red fibres in pigeon pectoralis muscle.

Red fibres of the pigeon pectoralis muscle showed high ATPase reaction at pH 9.4. Veronal-acetate pretreatment completely inhibited the ATPase reaction in these red fibres but not in type I fibres of the gastrocnemius. The former are type II red muscle fibres and hence are unlike type I red, the so-called slow-twitch muscle fibres.     

基于粒子群优化的马氏距离模糊聚类算法

为解决传统模糊聚类迭代算法对初始化敏感,易陷入局部最优及处理高维数据时精度下降的问题,对基于马氏距离的模糊聚类算法(fuzzy c-means algorithm based on Mahalanobis distance,M-FCM)进行优化。将马氏距离代替欧氏距离,通过构造类内紧致度、类间分离度与类间清晰度结合的适应度函数,利用粒子群优化算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO)对马氏距离模糊聚类进行研究,提出了基于粒子群优化的马氏距离模糊聚类算法(Mahalanobis distance fuzzy clustering algorithm based on particle swarm optimization,DPSOM-FCM),并将此新算法与FCM(fuzzy c-means algorithm),M-FCM,PSO-FCM,IFPSOFCM(importance for fuzzy clustering algorithm based on particle swarm optimization)算法,在UCI(university of californiairvine)数据库的6个标准数据集上进行实验对比分析。结果表明,DPSOM-FCM算法具有算法收敛性和聚类有效性,并且聚类精确度优于其他算法,对高维数据的聚类识别能力强,即该算法具有全局优化作用。