黑河流域干旱生态系统红砂荒漠空间斑块结构及其生态适应策略（英文）

In many arid ecosystems,vegetation frequently occurs in high-cover patches interspersed in a matrix of low plant cover.However,theoretical explanations for shrub patch pattern dynamics along climate gradients remain unclear on a large scale.This context aimed to assess the variance of the Reaumuria soongorica patch structure along the precipitation gradient and the factors that affect patch structure formation in the middle and lower Heihe River Basin(HRB).Field investigations on vegetation patterns and heterogeneity in soil properties were conducted during 2014 and 2015.The results showed that patch height,size and plant-to-patch distance were smaller in high precipitation habitats than in low precipitation sites.Climate,soil and vegetation explained 82.5% of the variance in patch structure.Spatially,R.soongorica shifted from a clumped to a random pattern on the landscape towards the MAP gradient,and heterogeneity in the surface soil properties(the ratio of biological soil crust(BSC) to bare gravels(BG)) determined the R.soongorica population distribution pattern in the middle and lower HRB.A conceptual model,which integrated water availability and plant facilitation and competition effects,was revealed that R.soongorica changed from a flexible water use strategy in high precipitation regions to a consistent water use strategy in low precipitation areas.Our study provides a comprehensive quantification of the variance in shrub patch structure along a precipitation gradient and may improve our understanding of vegetation pattern dynamics in the Gobi Desert under future climate change.     

大风天气老哈河下游迎风侧谷坡的风速脉动特征

基于春季大风天气野外实地风速观测数据,从平均风速、风速脉动、风速脉动强度3个方面对老哈河下游迎风侧谷坡坡脚和坡顶的风速脉动特征进行了分析.结果表明:(1)在距地表0.50 m高度以上,坡脚和坡顶风速在时间序列上波动各自具有均一性;(2)风速脉动幅度随着距地表高度的增加而逐渐加大,其最大值超过4.00 m·s^-1.坡脚和坡顶的风速脉动频率各自具有一致性,但脉动频率不稳定;(3)风速脉动强度基本一致,随高度增加而逐渐增大.在0.50 m高度以上,风速脉动相对值(阵性度)基本稳定,但坡顶的阵性因谷坡的干扰而相对减弱.     

亚热带樟树树干液流通量变化规律

采用热脉冲技术于2013―2015 年连续测定了樟树的树干液流,并同步监测了环境因子,分析了樟树树干液流日变化和季节变化特征以及对不同环境条件的响应。结果表明：樟树树干液流速率晴天日变化为典型的单峰型曲线,季节变化明显,液流速率峰值夏季＞春季＞秋季＞冬季,峰宽随季节变化存在“窄→宽→窄”的逐步变化过程。樟树存在微弱的夜间液流,且生长季较其他月份活跃。液流启动时间夏季最早,冬季最晚,液流结束（进入夜间低值）时间夏季晚于冬季约1~2 h。上下午液流量比值均＜1,平均值为0.74。同月不同天气条件下,液流速率和液流量均为晴天＞阴天＞雨天。干旱环境下,樟树树干液流峰值下降了约95%,与2014 年相比,同期内液流总量减少了约47.8%,在干旱中液流量与气温、水汽压亏缺呈显著负相关,改变了常年中（没有干旱）液流量与气温和水汽压亏缺呈显著正相关的关系。干旱显著降低了樟树的树干液流量,也反映了樟树对干旱的适应过程。     

青藏高原植被物候对不同强度极端温度和降水的差异化响应

量化气候因素如何影响植被物候对于理解全球变化背景下气候-植被相互作用以及碳水循环至关重要.然而,不同强度的极端气候事件对青藏高原植被物候的影响尚不明确.利用长期日光诱导叶绿素荧光遥感,研究了2000～2018年青藏高原植被物候对不同强度极端温度和降水事件的响应.研究发现,随着温度梯度的增加,最高温度暴露天数(Maximum temperature exposure days, TxED)和最低温度暴露天数(Minimum temperature exposure days,T_nED)均导致春季物候(Start of the growing season, SOS)由延迟转为提前.然而, T_xED和T_nED对秋季物候(end of the growing season, EOS)的影响随着温度梯度的增加由提前转为延迟,直到达到温度阈值.超过该温度阈值将会对植被生长产生不利影响,引起EOS提前结束.具体而言,对应的最高和最低温度阈值分别为10.12℃和2.54℃.对于累积降水(Cumulative precipitation...