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1.
Functional signatures of protective antiviral T-cell immunity in human virus infections 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Alexandre Harari Valérie Dutoit Cristina Cellerai Pierre-Alexandre Bart Renaud A. Du Pasquier & Giuseppe Pantaleo 《Immunological reviews》2006,211(1):236-254
Summary: The most common human viruses have different abilities to establish persistent chronic infection. Virus‐specific T‐cell responses are critical in the control of virus replication and in the prevention of disease in chronic infection. A large number of phenotypic markers and a series of functions have been used to characterize virus‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses, and these studies have shown great phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of the T‐cell responses against different viruses. The heterogeneity of the T‐cell response has been proposed to be specific to each virus. However, over the past 2 years, several studies have provided evidence that the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses is predominantly regulated by the levels of antigen load. The levels of antigen load modulate the phenotypic and functional patterns of the T‐cell response within the same virus infection. Furthermore, the functional characterization of virus‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses has identified signatures of protective antiviral immunity. Polyfunctional, i.e. interleukin‐2 and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) secretion and proliferation, and not monofunctional, i.e. IFN‐γ secretion, CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses represent correlates of protective antiviral immunity in chronic virus infections. 相似文献
2.
The effects of low frequency-high intensity transcutaneous and intramuscular electrical nerve stimulation (TENS and IENS, respectively) on ipsilateral muscular pain threshold were studied in healthy volunteers. The combined effects of TENS (or IENS) and vibration as well as the effects of TENS applied to contralateral regions were also investigated. Muscular pain threshold was evaluated by the subjects' verbal reports in response to electrical stimulation (wire electrodes) of the vastus medialis muscle and by the appearance of blink response (startle reaction) without habituation. TENS was generally applied to the skin overlying the same muscle, and in some instances to the skin overlying the contralateral vastus medialis or triceps muscle. IENS was performed through the same electrodes used for inducing muscular pain. Vibration was applied to the tendon of ipsilateral quadriceps femoris muscle. TENS consistently induced marked and long-lasting elevations of ipsilateral muscular pain threshold. Comparable results were obtained by IENS. TENS and vibration performed simultaneously induced increases in muscular pain threshold, which were greater than those obtained with each individual conditioning stimulation. TENS proved to be capable of enhancing muscular pain threshold even when applied to contralateral regions; however, these effects were smaller and of shorter duration. The results provide evidence that low frequency-high intensity TENS (or IENS) are effective in raising muscular pain threshold and support the hypothesis that this type of stimulation brings supraspinal control systems into action through the activation of group III afferent fibres. 相似文献
3.
Stefan Carrel Alessandro Moretta Giuseppe Pantaleo Giuseppe Tambussi Patrick Isler Bice Perussia Jean-Charles Cerottini 《European journal of immunology》1988,18(3):333-339
There is experimental evidence that the CD4 molecule participates in the antigen-driven activation of T cells expressing this surface glycoprotein. Whether CD4, a member of the immunoglobulin supergene family, acts as a ligand-binding molecule and/or is directly involved in the activation pathway has yet to be established. In this study, we show that human CD4+ lymphocytes can be activated by exposure to the anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) B66. Normal peripheral blood CD4+ cells were induced to proliferate and to synthesize interleukin 2 (IL2) by the antibody. The specificity of the antibody stimulatory activity was tested by using IL2-producing clones bearing either CD4 or CD8 on their surface. IL2 production was induced by mAb B66 in CD4+, but not CD8+, clones, whereas both types of clones responded to stimulation by the anti-CD3 mAb Leu-4. Despite its unique stimulatory activity, mAb B66 shared with other anti-CD4 antibodies the ability to inhibit the specific cytolytic activity of CD4+ effector cells. These results clearly indicate that cross-linking of surface CD4 molecules with appropriate antibodies can fully activate CD4+ lymphocytes. Whether the natural ligand for CD4 can trigger this activation pathway remains to be defined. 相似文献
4.
G Pantaleo G Poli L Butini C Fox A I Dayton A S Fauci 《European journal of immunology》1991,21(7):1771-1774
In this study, we have observed that a dissociation may occur in vitro between syncytia formation and HIV spreading. Efficient HIV spreading and virus replication occurred either in HIV-infected LFA-1+ lymphocytes treated with anti-LFA-1 mAb or in HIV-infected lymphocytes genetically deficient in LFA-1, despite the fact that syncytia formation was completely suppressed. Therefore, these results indicate that syncytia formation cannot be used as the sole parameter to evaluate the spread of HIV in vitro. 相似文献
5.
6.
Transmembrane signalling via the T11-dependent pathway of human T cell activation. Evidence for the involvement of 1,2-diacylglycerol and inositol phosphates 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
G Pantaleo D Olive A Poggi W J Kozumbo L Moretta A Moretta 《European journal of immunology》1987,17(1):55-60
It has previously been shown that some anti-T11 monoclonal antibodies, when used in combination, can activate the human T cell line Jurkat to produce interleukin 2. In this study, we investigate the mechanism by which perturbation of different epitopes of T11 molecules induces activation in Jurkat cells. We show that this activation is initiated by a T11-mediated increase in the concentration of free cytoplasmic calcium ions ([Ca2+]i). The initial increment in [Ca2+]i can occur when extracellular Ca2+ is depleted by EGTA, indicating that Ca2+ from intracellular stores is mobilized. As an early response to extracellular signals provokes a rapid breakdown of a class of lipid known collectively as the phosphoinositides, we measured the levels of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) which is hydrolyzed to generate inositol triphosphates (IP3), the putative mobilizer of Ca2+ from internal stores and 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG), the physiological activator of protein kinase C. Monoclonal antibodies directed either against different epitopes of T11 molecules or the T3-Ti antigen receptor complex provoke a rapid breakdown of PIP2, the parental product from which IP3 and DAG derive. In addition antibodies to either the T11 molecules or T3-Ti antigen receptor complex induce marked elevations in IP3, other inositol phosphate compounds and DAG. Taken together, these data indicate that, during T cell activation, due to the perturbation of T11 molecules or T3-Ti antigen receptor complex, membrane phosphoinositides are specifically hydrolyzed. This hydrolysis of phosphoinositides generates two putative second messengers such as IP3 and DAG, which mobilizes Ca2+ from intracellular stores and stimulates protein phosphorylation, respectively. 相似文献
7.
Outpatient adverse drug reaction (ADR)related hospitalization through the emergency department of a nonprofit hospital and the contributing factors are reviewed. Patients who were hospitalized because of suspected ADRs were selected from daily admissions reports and patient medication profiles from 1997 and 1998 by the pharmacy department of a nonprofit community teaching hospital. Hospital charges for individual patients were obtained from the institution's accounting system. Suspected drugs, their therapeutic class, and the organ systems involved in the ADRs were identified. A total of 191 patients who had a complete medical history and cost information were included in the study. Of those patients, 56% were female, and 45% of the patients were 75 years of older. The average hospital charge per ADR patient was $9491. Room and board accounted for more than 50% of total charges. The average length of stay for study patients was 8.0 +/- 10.3 days. Major therapeutic classes implicated in ADRs included antidiabetic agents (27.8%), anticoagulants (15.2%), anticonvulsants (10.0%), beta-blockers (7.9%), and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (7.9%). Organ systems most commonly involved in ADR admissions were the endocrine (30.9%) and cardiovascular (24.1%) systems. The implicationed therapeutic groups and organ systems exhibited a different pattern from those of earlier ADR studies. The elderly and the poor are most affected by ADRs. The availability of new drugs and the shift in disease treatment necessitate the continuous monitoring of new ADRs. Patients and family members should be integral components of a multidisciplinary strategy for minimizing the personal and social impact of ADRs. 相似文献
8.
Antonios Kritikos Sophie Gabellon Jean-Luc Pagani Matteo Monti Pierre-Yves Bochud Oriol Manuel Alix Coste Gilbert Greub Matthieu Perreau Giuseppe Pantaleo Antony Croxatto Frederic Lamoth 《Viruses》2022,14(5)
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a wide spectrum of disease, ranging from asymptomatic infection to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Some biomarkers may predict disease severity. Among them, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response has been related to severe disease. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between the anti-SARS-CoV-2 serological response and COVID-19 outcome. Demographic, clinical, and biological data from nasopharyngeal-PCR confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized patients were prospectively collected between April and August 2020 at our institution. All patients had serial weekly serology testing for a maximum of three blood samples or until discharge. Two different serological assays were used: a chemiluminescent assay and an in-house developed Luminex immunoassay. Kinetics of the serological response and correlation between the antibody titers and outcome were assessed. Among the 70 patients enrolled in the study, 22 required invasive ventilation, 29 required non-invasive ventilation or oxygen supplementation, and 19 did not require any oxygen supplementation. Median duration of symptoms upon admission for the three groups were 13, 8, and 9 days, respectively. Antibody titers gradually increased for up to 3 weeks since the onset of symptoms for patients requiring oxygen supplementation with significantly higher antibody titers for patients requiring invasive ventilation. Antibody titers on admission were also significantly higher in severely ill patients and serology performed well in predicting the necessity of invasive ventilation (AUC: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67–0.9). Serology testing at admission may be a good indicator to identify severe COVID-19 patients who will require invasive mechanical ventilation. 相似文献
9.
Nappi L Matteo M Giardina S Rosenberg P Indraccolo U Greco P 《Archives of gynecology and obstetrics》2008,278(1):61-63
BACKGROUND: Giant myomas of the uterus are uncommon, particularly in developed countries. CASE: This report illustrates a case of a woman with a bilobated giant myoma of the uterus weighed in total 27.7 kg. The patient had an abdominal distension first noted 18 months before and the personal history evidenced difficulties in walking and tiredness. Abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were carried out. CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge of the different clinical manifestation of these myomas may allow to face that with adequate perioperative care, in order to assure a carefully and successfully surgery, although sometimes a benign pathology may be not easy to suspect in a first time. 相似文献
10.
Effects of CCR5-Delta32 and CCR2-64I alleles on HIV-1 disease progression: the protection varies with duration of infection 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Mulherin SA O'Brien TR Ioannidis JP Goedert JJ Buchbinder SP Coutinho RA Jamieson BD Meyer L Michael NL Pantaleo G Rizzardi GP Schuitemaker H Sheppard HW Theodorou ID Vlahov D Rosenberg PS;International Meta-Analysis of HIV Host Genetics 《AIDS (London, England)》2003,17(3):377-387
OBJECTIVE: To examine temporal variation in the effects of CCR5-Delta32 and CCR2-64I chemokine receptor gene polymorphisms on HIV-1 disease progression. DESIGN: Pooled analysis of individual patient data from 10 cohorts of HIV-1 seroconverters from the United States, Europe, and Australia. METHODS: We studied HIV-1 seroconverters of European (n = 1635) or African (n = 215) ancestry who had been genotyped for CCR5-Delta32 and CCR2-64I. We used Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying coefficients to determine whether the genetic protection against AIDS (1987 case definition) and death varied with time since seroconversion. RESULTS: Protection against AIDS conferred by CCR5-Delta32 held constant at a 31% (RH 0.69, 95% CI 0.54, 0.88) reduction in risk over the course of HIV-1 infection, whereas protection against death held constant at a 39% reduction in risk (RH 0.61, 95% CI 0.45, 0.88). When the period from AIDS to death was isolated, the survival benefit of CCR5-Delta32 diminished 2 years after AIDS. Protection against AIDS conferred by CCR2-64I was greatest early in the disease course. Compared with individuals without CCR5-Delta32 or CCR2-64I, individuals with one or two copies of CCR2-64I had a 58% lower risk of AIDS during the first 4 years after seroconversion (RH 0.42, 95% CI 0.23, 0.76), a 19% lower risk during the subsequent 4 years (RH 0.81, 95% CI 0.59, 1.12), and no significant protection thereafter. CONCLUSION: The protection against AIDS provided by CCR5-Delta32 is continuous during the course of infection. In contrast, the protection provided by CCR2-64I is greatest early in the course of infection. 相似文献