大、中型医疗设备购置论证的几个要点

医疗设备的购置论证是科学的采购与供应的前提，是医疗卫生事业发展的重要科学保障之一，是领导者合理决策的依据。长期以来，购置论证在实际工作中只是流于形式，或例行公事，其科学性往往被乎视，所购置设备经常因各种原因不能充分发挥其效能，提高其利用率，甚至出现新设备闲置现象，给医疗卫生事业造成了大量的浪费和损失，究其原因，就是没有充分地、科学地进行购置论证。根据我在实际工作中的一点经验和掌握的一些情况提出我认为购置的论证中的几个要点，以供同行、专家商榷。     

凯西莱联合苦参素治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效观察

我国是乙肝大国，每年患者数万人，治疗困难。笔者采用苦参素联合凯西莱治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者150例，取得较好效果，现报道如下。     

老了,怎么变矮了

张老是一位高级工程师,今年70岁,李老是一位高级经济师,今年68岁,老 两口结婚几十年,融洽美满,由于经济条件不错,所以每两年都定期体检一 次,今年又如期进行了全面检查。二老回家一看,张老身高变成了172厘米(年轻时 有178厘米),李老只有160厘米(年轻时168厘米),分别矮了6厘米和8厘米,二 老非常奇怪:怎么矮了这么多?检查结果显示,一无高血压,二无心脏病,但稍一 活动,即感心慌,心跳加快,有时还伴有气喘。二老决定到医院去看医生,医生看 完所有资料,又做了一些检查,告诉他们不要紧张,变矮是因为老年性驼背,心慌、 气喘也是因此造成的。     

Effect of autocontrol micromotion intramedullary interlocking nail on fracture healing： an experimental study

Objective: To investigate the effect of autocontrol micromotion locking nail ( AMLN ) on experimental fracture healing and its mechanism. Methods: 16 goats undergoing both sides of transverse osteotomy of the femoral shafts were fixed intramedullary with AMLN and Gross-Kempf (GK) nail, respectively. The follow-up time was 7, 14, 28 and 56 days. Roentgenographic, biomechanical, histological, scanning electromicroscopic and biochemical analyses were done. Results: (1) The strength of anticompression, antiflexion and antitorsion in the fractural end in the AMLN-fixed group was higher than that of GK nail-fixed group; whereas, the rate of stress shelter in the fractured end decreased significantly (P<0.01). (2) The content of the total collagen, insoluble collagen, calcium and phosphate in the AMLN-fixed group was higher than that in the GK nail-fixed group (P<0.05). (3) Histological observation and quantitative analysis of calluses revealed that AMLN could promote the growth of bridge calluses and periosteum calluses. Hence the facture healing and remolding process achieved early, which was much better than traditional GK nail fixation. (P<0.05). (4) 7-14 days postoperation, the calluses of AMLN-fixed group was flourish and camellarly arranged and the collagen fibril formed constantly in the absorption lacuna of bone trabecula. 28-56 days postoperation, the collagen fibril was flourish around the absorption lacuna and was parallel to the bone's longitudinal axis. Active bony absorption and formation were seen, so was remolding and rebuilding. Haversian system was intact and the bony structural net was very tenacious because of the deposition of calcium salt. None of the above findings was observed in the GK nailfixed group. Conclusions: The design of AMLN accords well with the plastic fixation theory. As the geometry ametabolic system constituted by the intramedullary fixation instruments and the proximal and distal end of the fracture is very firm and stable, the disturbance to the physical stress distributed in the fractural end is light. The generation and conduct of the intermittent physical stress between the fractural parts could reach the balance between stress conduct and stress protection. The feature that the healing and remolding take place at the same time speeds up the fractural healing process.     

带血管蒂岛状筋膜瓣移植治疗晚期类风湿性髋关节炎

目的：阐明带血管蒂岛状筋膜瓣移植治疗晚期类风湿性髋关节炎的疗效。材料和方法：对４２例４８髋晚期类风湿性髋关节炎病人采用以旋股外侧血管降支为蒂的股前外侧筋膜瓣移植行患髋成形术。结果：术后随访４～１０．５年，平均４．５年，髋关节活动范围术前平均１６．５°，术后２２８．６°，按照Ｃｈａｒｎｌｅｙ和吴之康人工髋关节置换术后的疗效评定标准，优良２９髋、很好１３髋、好６髋，尚可、差、很差无。结论：患者年龄在１５～４０岁之间为合适的治疗年龄。与人工髋关节置换术相比，本方法对髋关节正常结构破坏小；一旦手术失败仍可选用其它治疗方法弥补；且并发症少、费用低、远期效果好。     

基层医院治疗大咯血30例体会

大咯血是内科的急危重症 ,发病急 ,病情凶险 ,处理不当易造成患者死亡 ,在基层医院 ,由于医疗条件的限制 ,挽救患者生命显得尤为重要 ,现将我院1995年 6月～ 2 0 0 2年 6月收治的大咯血患者 118例 ,其中有 30例不宜用垂体后叶素治疗 ,改用凝血酶、地塞米松、65 4 2治疗 ,取得较好疗效 ,现报道如下。1　材料与方法1 1　一般资料 :本组 30例中 ,男 2 1例 ,女 9例 ,年龄 31～ 72岁 ,平均 4 7 3岁。浸润肺结核 11例 ,慢性纤维空洞结核 5例 ,支气管扩张症 14例 ,病程 11个月至 12年 ,初治 8例 ,复治 2 2例。 2 4小时咯血量30 0～ 10 0 0ｍｌ 2 5…     

大鼠心脏不同部位α1肾上腺素受体亚型的分布

用放射配体结合实验研究大鼠心脏不同部位α１肾上腺素受体（α１受体）及其亚型的分布。结果表明，大鼠心脏左、右心室及心室中α１受体的密度基本一致；不同部位的α１受体均包含α１Ａ与α１Ｂ两种亚型，左心房及心室α１Ａ亚型占全部α１受体的３０％左右，α１Ｂ亚型占７０％左右；而在右心室中α１Ａ亚型的比例为１４％左右，显著低于左心房与心室。说明大鼠心脏不同部位的α１受体分布相同，但其亚型分布具有显著的区别。