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1.
Reflectivity and scattering profile measurements were made on a gold-coated witness sample produced to evaluate mirror coatings for the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility program. Reflectivity measurements were made at Al K, Ti K, and Cu K energies as a function of incident graze angle. The results are fit to a model that includes the effects of roughness, particulate and organic contamination layers, and gold-coating density. Reflectivities are close to theoretical, with the difference being well accounted for by 4.1 ? of roughness at spatial frequencies above 4 μm(-1), a gold-coating density equal to 0.98 bulk, and a surface contaminant layer 27 ? thick. Scattering measurements extending to ±35 arcmin of the line center were obtained by the use of Al K x rays and incidence angles from 0.75° to 3°. The scattering profiles imply a power spectral density of surface-scattering frequencies that follows a power law with an index of -1.0 and a total surface roughness for the spatial frequency band between 0.05 μm(-1) and 4 μm(-1) of 3.3 ? Combining the roughnesses derived from both the reflectivity and scattering measurements yields a total roughness of 5.3 ? for scattering frequencies between 0.05 μm(-1) and 15,000 μm(-1). 相似文献
2.
J. Madison J. E. Spowart D. J. Rowenhorst L. K. Aagesen K. Thornton T. M. Pollock 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2012,43(1):369-380
Fluid flow within the dendritic structure at the solid–liquid interface in nickel-based superalloys has been studied in two
directionally solidified alloy systems. Millimeter-scale, three-dimensional (3D) datasets of dendritic structure have been
collected by serial sectioning, and the reconstructed mushy zones have been used as domains for fluid-flow modeling. Flow
permeability and the influence of dendritic structure on flow patterns have been investigated. Permeability analyses indicate
that the cross flow normal to the withdrawal direction limits the development of flow instabilities. Local Rayleigh numbers
calculated using the permeabilities extracted from the 3D dataset are higher than predicted by conventional empirical calculations
in the regions of the mushy zone that are prone to the onset of convective instabilities. The ability to measure dendrite
surface area in 3D volumes permit improved prediction of permeability as well. 相似文献
3.
Kellie Vella Madison Klarkowski Selen Turkay Daniel Johnson 《Behaviour & Information Technology》2020,39(8):917-934
ABSTRACT While online multiplayer games provide an opportunity for players to both maintain and establish new connections, male and female players have been found to experience these environments differently. Interviews (n?=?22) and focus groups (n?=?14) were used to explore these differences as they impact on creating new social connections, as well as to provide recommendations for the development of new social tools and features that account for these differences. While all participants experienced toxicity and performance pressure as barriers to forming new connections, female players uniquely reported the impacts of misogynistic targeting and stereotype threat. In turn, female players wishing to avoid these stresses would often mask their gender. The common practice of gender misrepresentation by both male and female players impacted female players’ ability to create social connections through voice technology, as well as building their distrust of unknown others. Recommendations are made to build social connectedness between players taking into account the specific constraints faced by female players. These include establishing mentoring opportunities as well as profiling players beyond their immediate skill or rank. Additionally, the desire for control of one’s online identity presents practical challenges that may be overcome through thoughtful design. 相似文献
4.
Chalissery Jaime M. Gries Regine Alamsetti Santosh K. Ardiel Madison J. Gries Gerhard 《Journal of chemical ecology》2022,48(3):302-311
Journal of Chemical Ecology - Four species of Tetramorium pavement ants are known to guide foraging activities of nestmates via trail pheromones secreted from the poison gland of worker ants, but... 相似文献
5.
Wai Ling Cheung-Lee Madison E. Parry Dr. Chuhan Zong Alexis Jaramillo Cartagena Prof. Seth A. Darst Prof. Nancy D. Connell Dr. Riccardo Russo Prof. A. James Link 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2020,21(9):1335-1340
We report the heterologous expression, structure, and antimicrobial activity of a lasso peptide, ubonodin, encoded in the genome of Burkholderia ubonensis. The topology of ubonodin is unprecedented amongst lasso peptides, with 18 of its 28 amino acids found in the mechanically bonded loop segment. Ubonodin inhibits RNA polymerase in vitro and has potent antimicrobial activity against several pathogenic members of the Burkholderia genus, most notably B. cepacia and B. multivorans, causative agents of lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. 相似文献
6.
Maria Maldonado Kaitlyn Madison Abe James Anthony Letts 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(2)
The last steps of respiration, a core energy-harvesting process, are carried out by a chain of multi-subunit complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Several essential subunits of the respiratory complexes are RNA-edited in plants, frequently leading to changes in the encoded amino acids. While the impact of RNA editing is clear at the sequence and phenotypic levels, the underlying biochemical explanations for these effects have remained obscure. Here, we used the structures of plant respiratory complex I, complex III2 and complex IV to analyze the impact of the amino acid changes of RNA editing in terms of their location and biochemical features. Through specific examples, we demonstrate how the structural information can explain the phenotypes of RNA-editing mutants. This work shows how the structural perspective can bridge the gap between sequence and phenotype and provides a framework for the continued analysis of RNA-editing mutants in plant mitochondria and, by extension, in chloroplasts. 相似文献
7.
Improved activity and thermostability of Candida antarctica lipase B by DNA family shuffling 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Suen WC Zhang N Xiao L Madison V Zaks A 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》2004,17(2):133-140
DNA family shuffling was used to create chimeric lipase B proteins with improved activity toward the hydrolysis of diethyl 3-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)glutarate (DDG). Three homologous lipases from Candida antarctica ATCC 32657, Hyphozyma sp. CBS 648.91 and Crytococcus tsukubaensis ATCC 24555 were cloned and shuffled to generate a diverse gene library. A high-throughput screening assay was developed and used successfully to identify chimeric lipase B proteins having a 20-fold higher activity toward DDG than lipase B from C.antarctica ATCC 32657 and a 13-fold higher activity than the most active parent derived from C.tsukubaensis ATCC 24555. In addition, the stability characteristics of several highly active chimeric proteins were also improved as a result of family shuffling. For example, the half-life at 45 degrees C and melting point (T(m)) of one chimera exceeded those of lipase B from C.antarctica ATCC 32657 by 11-fold and 6.4 degrees C, respectively, which closely approached the stability characteristics of the most thermostable parent derived from Hyphozyma sp. CBS 648.91. 相似文献
8.
Lin YY Evans RD Welch E Hsu BN Madison AC Fair RB 《Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical》2010,150(1):465-470
A low voltage, two-level-metal, and multi-layer insulator electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWD) platform is presented. Dispensing 300pl droplets from 140nl closed on-chip reservoirs was accomplished with as little as 11.4V solely through EWD forces, and the actuation threshold voltage was 7.2V with a 1Hz voltage switching rate between electrodes. EWD devices were fabricated with a multilayer insulator consisting of 135nm sputtered tantalum pentoxide (Ta(2)O(5)) and 180nm parylene C coated with 70nm of CYTOP. Furthermore, the minimum actuation threshold voltage followed a previously published scaling model for the threshold voltage, V(T), which is proportional to (t/ε(r))(1/2), where t and ε(r) are the insulator thickness and dielectric constant respectively. Device threshold voltages are compared for several insulator thicknesses (200nm, 500nm, and 1μm), different dielectric materials (parylene C and tantalum pentoxide), and homogeneous versus heterogeneous compositions. Additionally, we used a two-level-metal fabrication process, which enables the fabrication of smaller and denser electrodes with high interconnect routing flexibility. We also have achieved low dispensing and actuation voltages for scaled devices with 30pl droplets. 相似文献
9.
V. Ya. Shevchenko M. I. Samoilovich A. L. Talis A. E. Madison 《Glass Physics and Chemistry》2005,31(4):407-419
A general algorithm is proposed for constructing coherent boundaries. This algorithm is based on the interrelation between the spatial coherence of structural fragments in nanoparticles and the geometric connection in the corresponding associated bundle. A local approach is used to describe the structure of coherent boundaries in zirconia nanoparticles. The inference is made that the models of structures thus obtained should be preferred over the models constructed in terms of the theory of coincident site lattice.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Fizika i Khimiya Stekla, Shevchenko, Samoilovich, Talis, Madison. 相似文献
10.