回热损失对磁斯特林制冷循环制冷率的影响

从铁磁质的磁化强度一般表示式出发，探讨热阻和回热损失对磁斯特林制冷循环性能的影响，导出最大制冷率及其它性能参数。得到了结果适用于以顺磁质为工质的磁斯特林制冷循环。并指出在理想回热条件下的结论也适用于磁卡诺制冷循环。     

Analysis of Combined Systems of Two Endoreversible Engines

A single endoreversible engine can operate as a cooler, a true heat engine, a heat pump, or a refrigerator. We investigate how many different modes of operation a combined system of two endoreversible engines may display. Special attention is paid to the independent combined system which neither consumes nor supplies power.     

Optimum thermoeconomic and thermodynamic performance characteristics of an irreversible three-heat-source heat pump

The coefficient of performance and specific heating load of an irreversible three-heat-source heat pump are given by using a general cycle model affected by the finite-rate heat transfer, heat leak and internal irreversibility of the cyclic working fluid. The heat pumping load divided by the total cost per unit time is taken as a new objective function and used to investigate the performance of the heat pump. The thermoeconomic and thermodynamic performance characteristics of the heat pump are discussed in detail. Some important performance parameters such as the thermoeconomic objective function and coefficient of performance are optimized. The optimally operating regions of the heat pump and the bounds of several performance parameters are determined. Finally, it is pointed out that the Carnot heat pump may be taken as a special case of a three-heat-source heat pump and consequently its optimal performance can be directly derived from the results obtained here.     

Rapid growth of angle-confined large-domain graphene bicrystals

In the chemical vapor deposition growth of large-area graphene polycrystalline thin films,the coalescence of randomly oriented graphene domains results in a high density of uncertain grain boundaries (GBs).The structures and properties of various GBs are highly dependent on the misorientation angles between the graphene domains,which can significantly affect the performance of the graphene films and impede their industrial applications.Graphene bicrystals with a specific type of GB can be synthesized via the controllable growth of graphene domains with a predefined lattice orientation.Although the bicrystal has been widely investigated for traditional bulk materials,no successful synthesis strategy has been presented for growing two-dimensional graphene bicrystals.In this study, we demonstrate a simple approach for growing well-aligned large-domain graphene bicrystals with a confined tilt angle of 30° on a facilely recrystallized single-crystal Cu (100) substrate.Control of the density of the GBs with a misorientation angle of 30° was realized via the controllable rapid growth of subcentimeter graphene domains with the assistance of a cooperative catalytic surface-passivation treatment.The large-area production of graphene bicrystals consisting of the sole specific GBs with a tunable density provides a new material platform for fundamental studies and practical applications.     

基于响应曲面建模的LS频段VCO优化设计

提出了一种采用响应曲面(RSM)协同优化压控振荡器(VCO)的功耗、相位噪声的方法.以差分耦合LC-VCO电路为实验设计对象,在电路结构上增加级联交叉耦合负阻管结合外部电流镜偏置,改进了相位噪声和功耗性能.在此基础上,建立VCO性能的响应曲面模型,优化并选取最佳电路设计参数的组合,获取最佳性能.基于TSMC CMOS ...     

不可逆回热式玻色布雷顿制冷循环性能分析

基于玻色气体的热力学性质和回热式布雷顿制冷循环的不可逆模型,导出循环的一些重要性能参数,如循环的制冷量、回热量、输入功和性能系数的一般表达式。通过数值计算获得了循环的一些重要的性能特性曲线,分析了循环的不可逆性和回热特性对玻色布雷顿制冷机性能的影响。     

Modeling and optimization of a typical fuel cell–heat engine hybrid system and its parametric design criteria

A theoretical modeling approach is presented, which describes the behavior of a typical fuel cell–heat engine hybrid system in steady-state operating condition based on an existing solid oxide fuel cell model, to provide useful fundamental design characteristics as well as potential critical problems. The different sources of irreversible losses, such as the electrochemical reaction, electric resistances, finite-rate heat transfer between the fuel cell and the heat engine, and heat-leak from the fuel cell to the environment are specified and investigated. Energy and entropy analyses are used to indicate the multi-irreversible losses and to assess the work potentials of the hybrid system. Expressions for the power output and efficiency of the hybrid system are derived and the performance characteristics of the system are presented and discussed in detail. The effects of the design parameters and operating conditions on the system performance are studied numerically. It is found that there exist certain optimum criteria for some important parameters. The results obtained here may provide a theoretical basis for both the optimal design and operation of real fuel cell–heat engine hybrid systems. This new approach can be easily extended to other fuel cell hybrid systems to develop irreversible models suitable for the investigation and optimization of similar energy conversion settings and electrochemistry systems.     

分散固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定葡萄酒中56种农药残留

建立葡萄酒中56种农药残留的气相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。样品经乙腈提取,经过PSA、C18和GCB等3种Qu ECh ERS吸附剂净化处理后,采用GC-MS/MS在选择反应监测离子(SRM)的模式下,进行质谱定性,内标法定量。结果表明,在5.0~100.0 g/L范围内,56种农药的回收率为69.0%~110.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均在15%以内,方法定量限为10 g/kg。所建立的方法简便快捷,试剂消耗量少,经济环保,可满足葡萄酒中农药残留量的实际检验需求。     

Optimization on the charging process of a capacitor

The question of how to minimize Joule heating dissipated in a circuit is discussed when a capacitor is charged to a specified voltage during a given time. The minimum Joule heating dissipated in the circuit and the energy delivered by the voltage source are calculated. The emf of the voltage source is optimized and the efficiencies of differently charging methods are derived. The results obtained here are significant for some special circuit designs.