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1.
2.
DeepakSharma VishalSHarma 《今日电子》2003,(9):61-63
面对电信业的低迷,运营商和设备制造商都捏紧了钱袋,想方设法少花钱多办事。这就意味着,必须改进现有传输网(见图1),使话音和数据传输效率更高。从网络部署的角度来看,运营商需要:用一些有效的方法,将多协议数据转换到SONET/SDH信道上;用一种灵活的带宽适应机制,使SONET/SDH信道大小与在其中传输的数据的需求相一致;用一种机制,灵活并以理想的动态方式改变整个SONET/SDH网络的信道带宽。这就要求集成电路供应商提供有助于在SONET/SDH上有效传输数据的芯片。虽然现在有多种SONET/SDH信息包(PoS)产品,但是它们的转换效率都太… 相似文献
3.
Rates of coke formation during steam pyrolysis of naphtha have been investigated in a jet-stirred reactor both for sodium silicate coated and uncoated Inconel 600 surfaces in the temperature range of 1078–1108 K. Coke formation rates were significantly reduced on sodium silicate coated plates due to the passivation of the metal surface. However, the coking rates gradually increased with successive decokings of the coated surface. 相似文献
4.
While seeds ofCucurbita maxima contain both Δ5- and Δ7-sterols, the former, which have been described earlier, now have been found to disappear during germination. This suggests
that a function exists for the Δ5-compounds only in the early part of the life cycle ofC. maxima, unlike most of the other higher plants studied. In contrast to the Δ5-sterols, the level of Δ7-sterols increased during germination as well as during seedling development and maturation. The period of transition between
germination and seedling development appeared to be of special importance in terms of sterol changes. This period represented
a surge of sterol biosynthesis with an ontogenetic shift in sterol composition from approximately equal amounts of 24α- and
24β-ethyl stereochemistry to a predominance of the former. The sterol composition of the mature plants included only about
5% of the 24β-ethylsterols. The configurational relationships were demonstrated by high resolution1H-NMR. The sterols of the mature plants were: 25(27)-dehydrochondrillasterol, 24β-ethyl-25(27)-dehydrolathosterol, avenasterol,
spinasterol, 22-dihydrospinasterol and 24ξ-methyllathosterol. Based on the changes which occurred in the relative amounts
of the Δ7-sterols, it did not appear that the Δ5-components were being converted to their Δ7-analogs.
A portion of this work was presented at the meeting of the American Oil Chemists' Society in May, 1985 in Philadelphia. 相似文献
5.
Hari B. Goyal M. O. Garg K. R. Rao R. D. Srivastava 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1985,35(2):49-56
The kinetics of the reaction of acetic acid and acetylene over zinc acetate-activated carbon catalyst was investigated over a wide range of process variables in a pilot reactor. Although various catalytic reaction mechanisms were postulated, the rate of reaction was most satisfactorily correlated by a mechanism of surface reaction between charged adsorbed acetic acid and acetylene, which assumes that the rate controlling step was the irreversible charged adsorption of acetylene and acetic acid. 相似文献
6.
We consider a system comprising a finite number of nodes, with infinite packet buffers, that use unslotted ALOHA with Code
Division Multiple Access (CDMA) to share a channel for transmitting packetised data. We propose a simple model for packet
transmission and retransmission at each node, and show that saturation throughput in this model yields a sufficient condition
for the stability of the packet buffers; we interpret this as the capacity of the access method. We calculate and compare
the capacities of CDMA‐ALOHA (with and without code sharing) and TDMA‐ALOHA; we also consider carrier sensing and collision
detection versions of these protocols. In each case, saturation throughput can be obtained via analysis of a continuous time
Markov chain. Our results show how saturation throughput degrades with code‐sharing. Finally, we also present some simulation
results for mean packet delay. Our work is motivated by optical CDMA in which “chips” can be optically generated, and hence
the achievable chip rate can exceed the achievable TDMA bit rate which is limited by electronics. Code sharing may be useful
in the optical CDMA context as it reduces the number of optical correlators at the receivers. Our throughput results help
to quantify by how much the CDMA chip rate should exceed the TDMA bit rate so that CDMA‐ALOHA yields better capacity than
TDMA‐ALOHA.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
H.P. Garg A.R. Shukla Indrajit Madhuri R.C. Agnihotri S. Chakravertty 《Applied Energy》1985,21(1):43-54
Indoor test methods for solar collectors are widely accepted and recommended by ASHRAE. The development of a solar simulator for indoor testing and the certification procedure for photo-thermal solar devices is discussed in this paper. The system consists of 14 quartz halogen lamps and provides a testing area of about 1 × 1 m. The irradiance can be varied from 400 to 1500 W/m2. This is achieved by varying the input power supplied to individual lamps. The radiation output characteristics of a single lamp have been studied. The distribution of intensity over the covered area of 1·20 × 1·20 m has been recorded using a precision Eppley pyranometer.A variety of collectors—evacuated tubular collectors and flat-plate collectors of both liquid and air heating types—has been tested under sufficiently stable insolation conditions. Results for a conventional solar air heater are presented together with suggestions for further improvements. 相似文献
8.
Rice husk generated as a by-product of rice processing is an important energy resource. The availability of this resource in India has been assessed and the technologies for exploitation of its energy potential in rice processing industry discussed. Nomographs have been developed for estimation of the husk required to meet the energy demand of parboiling, drying and milling operations. The unit cost of electricity using rice husk gasifier-based power generation systems has been calculated and its financial feasibility assessed in comparison with utility-supplied and diesel-generated electricity. With the cost and efficiency data assumed here, the unit cost of electricity produced by rice husk gasifier-dual fuel engine-generator system varies between Rs 2/kWh and Rs 7/kWh. (Note: 35 Rs approximates to $US 1.) 相似文献
9.
Helmy Ahmed Garg Saurabh Nahata Nitin Pamu Priyatham 《Mobile Networks and Applications》2005,10(1-2):99-113
Traditional protocols for routing in ad hoc networks attempt to obtain optimal or shortest paths, and in doing so may incur significant route discovery overhead. Such approaches may be appropriate for routing long-lived transfers where the initial cost of route discovery may be amortized over the life of the connection. For short-lived connections, however, such as resource discovery and small transfers, traditional shortest path approaches may be quite inefficient. In this paper we propose a novel architecture, CARD, for resource discovery in large-scale wireless ad hoc networks. Our mechanism is suitable for resource discovery as well as routing very small data transfers or transactions in which the cost of data transfer is much smaller than the cost of route discovery. Our architecture avoids expensive mechanisms such as global flooding and complex hierarchy formation and does not require any location information. In CARD resources within the vicinity of a node, up to a limited number of hops, are discovered using a proactive scheme. For resources beyond the vicinity, each node maintains a few distant nodes called contacts. Contacts help in creating a small world in the network and provide an efficient way to query for distant resources. Using contacts, the network view (or reachability) of the nodes increases, reducing the discovery overhead and increasing the success rate. On the other hand, increasing the number of contacts also increases control overhead. We study such trade-off in depth and present mechanisms for contact selection and maintenance that attempt to increase reachability with reduced overhead. Our schemes adapt gracefully to network dynamics and mobility using soft-state periodic mechanisms to validate and recover paths to contacts. Our simulation results show that CARD is scalable and can be configured to provide desirable performance for various network sizes. Comparisons with other schemes show overhead savings reaching over 93% (vs. flooding) and 80% (vs. bordercasting or zone routing) for high query rates in large-scale networks. 相似文献
10.