Cu双晶的循环形变行为与疲劳裂纹萌生：Ⅱ.疲劳裂纹萌生与早期扩展

用扫描电镜观察了受应变疲劳载荷作用的Ｃｕ双晶物的表面形貌，发现晶界是疲劳形变双晶是有利的裂纺萌生地点，在滑移带撞击晶界的地方，特别是在几条粗滑移带共同撞击晶界的地方观察到许多疲劳微裂纹；并且发现与平行晶界双晶相比，垂直晶界双晶有有利于疲劳裂纹沿晶界作早期扩展。     

混凝土裂缝红外热成像分布式监测技术研究

提出了基于高分子导电膜拉敏效应的混凝土裂缝红外热成像检测方法.结果表明：在外部电压源激励作用下,涂覆在混凝土试件表面导电膜中的导电粒子由于隧道效应形成导电通路,混凝土裂缝处可形成局部热效应温度场,红外热成像仪能够分辨出混凝土裂缝位置及走向.该方法检测     

早龄期大体积混凝土温度应力与裂缝的关系

温度裂缝严重危害大体积混凝土的结构安全.目前,对混凝土温度应力及裂缝的研究不断深入.两个工程实例的研究表明,因温度及干缩而产生的拉应力破坏可能发生在混凝土早龄期.因此,为防止大体积混凝土温度裂缝产生,对温度和干缩应力与混凝土强度的验算应从混凝土产生温度应力的起点开始,贯穿其应力发展的全过程.     

Pharmacological analysis of ecto-ATPase inhibition: evidence for combined enzyme inhibition and receptor antagonism in P2X-purinoceptor ligands

1. Previous studies have shown that suramin and FPL 66301 are competitive antagonists at the P2X-purinoceptor in the rabbit ear artery. Those studies employed alpha,beta-methylene ATP, a poorly hydrolysable ATP analogue, as the agonist. In this study these compounds have been tested using ATP as the agonist. 2. Suramin, in the concentration range 30-1000 microM, potentiated the contractile effects of ATP, producing a 3-fold leftward shift of the ATP E/[A] curves. FPL 66301, in the concentration range 100-1000 microM, produced a significant but small (approximately 3-fold) rightward shift of the ATP curves. These results are in marked contrast with previous studies using alpha,beta-methylene ATP in which 30-fold rightward shifts were achieved using the same concentration ranges of suramin and FPL 66301. 3. Suramin and FPL 66301 were tested as ecto-ATPase inhibitors in a human blood cell assay. Suramin inhibited the enzyme with a pIC50 of 4.3, FPL 66301 with a pIC50 of 3.3. 4. The pharmacological data were analysed using a theoretical model describing the action of a compound with dual enzyme inhibitory and receptor antagonistic properties on the effects of an agonist susceptible to enzymatic degradation. The model was found to fit the data well using the known pKB estimates for suramin and FPL 66301 and similar relative (but not absolute) pK1 estimates to those obtained for the compounds in the enzyme assay. 5. From this analysis it was concluded that the limited shifts of ATP E/[A] curves produced by suramin and FPL 66301 were the result of 'self-cancellation' of the potentiating (enzyme inhibitory) and rightward-shifting (receptor antagonistic) properties.6. The analysis also indicated that the presence of ecto-ATPase activity in the rabbit ear artery preparation has a marked effect on the apparent potency of ATP. The experimental p[A50] was 3.4,whereas the 'true' value, that is the value which would be obtained in the absence of ecto-ATPase activity, was 6.0, some 400-fold higher.7 Two conclusions are drawn from this study. Firstly, caution must be exercised in the use of suramin and FPL 66301 as tools for receptor classification. Absence of overt antagonism by these compounds when metabolically unstable agonists are used could lead to erroneous claims for receptor subtypes.Secondly, the agonist potency order currently used to designate P2X- purinoceptors may require modification.     

Purification, characterisation and distribution of ovine neuronal nitric oxide synthase

Nitric oxide (NO) is an ubiquitous intercellular messenger molecule synthesised from the amino acid L-arginine by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS). A number of NOS iso-enzymes have been identified, varying in molecular size, tissue distribution and possible biological role. To further understand the role of NO in the regulation of neuroendocrine function in the sheep, we have purified and characterised ovine neuronal NOS (nNOS) using anion exchange, affinity and size-exclusion chromatography. SDS-PAGE reveals that ovine nNOS has an apparent denatured molecular weight of 150 kDa which correlates well with the other purified nNOS forms such as rat, bovine and porcine. The native molecular weight predicted by size-exclusion chromatography was 200 kD which is in close agreement with that found for porcine and rat nNOS. Internal amino acid sequences generated from tryptic digests of the purified ovine nNOS are highly homologous to rat nNOS. There was no significant difference in the cofactor dependence and kinetic characteristics of ovine nNOS when compared to rat and bovine nNOS, (K(m) for L-arginine 2.8, 2.0 and 2.3 microM respectively). A polyclonal anti-peptide antibody directed toward the C-terminal end of the rat nNOS sequence showed full cross-reactivity with the purified ovine nNOS. Immunohistochemical and Western analysis using this antiserum demonstrate the expression of nNOS in the cortex, cerebellum, hypothalamus and pituitary of the sheep. The lack of staining in the neural and anterior lobes of the pituitary seems to suggest that NOS plays a varied role in the control of endocrine systems between species.     

低配筋轻骨料混凝土梁裂缝宽度的试验研究

在6根煤矸石混凝土梁和9根浮石混凝土梁试验的基础上,对低配筋轻骨料混凝土梁裂缝开展机理作了详细的分析.在试验结果和分析的基础上,提出了低配筋轻骨料混凝土梁裂缝开展宽度验算公式,并改进了纵向受拉钢筋的内力臂系数、钢筋应变不均匀系数的计算公式,使裂缝宽度的计算更为合理.