Upgrade of circulating water supply in glass production

The experience in the development and service of circulating water supply systems at glass factories is described, The reconstruction of such system has made it possible to decrease to one-tenth the consumption of freshwater.     

Control of the output transistors gating voltage for high voltage push-pull pulser

The schematic design is proposed to control the output of high voltage MOSFET switches of a push-pull high voltage pulser for mass spectrometry applications. The design provides a way to form symmetrical opening and closing gating pulses for the output MOSFET transistors. This solution enables one to avoid the case of high through current, which can damage the output transistors of the pulser. Furthermore, the output pulse width can be decreased up to 70 ns while the repetition rate can exceed 100 kHz using the suggested schematic. The performance of the suggested design is proved by experimental testing of a pulser built in our laboratory.     

Operative videothoracoscopy in the surgical treatment of penetrating firearms wounds of the chest

We prospectively analyzed our experience with operative videothoracoscopy (OVT) performed in a field military hospital in cases of penetrating firearms wounds of the thorax (PFAWT) sustained in Chechnya. From February to April 1996, we treated 206 wounded patients, of whom 37 (18.0%) had sustained chest injuries. PFAWT were present in 23 soldiers, accounting for 62.2% of all chest injuries. Twelve injuries were confined to the thorax, eight patients had associated injuries, and three soldiers had thoracoabdominal injuries. Nineteen patients had pleural drainage performed during medical evacuation. The thoracic injuries were right-sided (17), involved bullets or shell splinters (23); were through and through (16), represented solitary wounds (19), and were associated with internal organ injuries (21). Fifteen patients had indications for OVT when they were delivered from the battle-field 1.5 to 22 hours after injury. All patients manifested signs of hemorrhagic shock and hemodynamic instability. Indications for OVT were ongoing intrapleural bleeding (6), clotted hemothorax (6), or marked air leakage (3) preventing lung inflation with the OP-02 apparatus (field modification). OVT revealed 12 lung wounds, nine of which were multiple wounds, pleural bleeding in 6 patients, clotted hemothorax in 11 patients, and foreign bodies in 5 patients. Two patients underwent thoracotomy, one for suspicion of heart injury and the second because we could not adequately visualize and control bleeding revealed at OVT to be from the intercostal artery in the left costovertebral angle. Eight of 23 patients had no indication for operative videothoracoscopy and were managed with continued pleural aspiration and drug therapy. Wedge resection of the lung using an Endo-GIA-30 stapler was necessary in two patients because of parenchymal destruction and bleeding. Evacuation of clotted blood by fragmentation and aspiration was satisfactory in all cases. Satisfactory manual suturing of selected lung injuries was obtained largely with intracorporeal knot tying. The duration of the procedures ranged from 40 to 90 minutes. No morbidity nor mortality was encountered in patients undergoing OVT. Postoperative pain was minimized by using OVT placement of catheters in the chest wall soft tissue with local administration of 2% Trimecain. Patients were able to stand in 10 to 12 hours and to walk by the end of the first postoperative day. All patients who underwent OVT were evacuated without drains by the third or fourth postoperative day, all tolerating sitting and standing positions. We conclude that early OVT in the military field hospital for continued bleeding, clotted hemothorax, and continued major air leakage has several advantages in military patients with PFAWT: early definition and management of organ injury; identification and control of bleeding in most instances; earlier and more accurate assessment for thoracotomy; vigorous lavage and removal of projectiles such as bone fragments and evacuation of clotted hemothorax; early debridement with suture closure of the thoracic wall canal; and minimal postoperative pain with dramatically reduced suppurative sequelae and bronchopleural fistulae.     

Acoustical Experiments on Superfluid 3He-4He Mixtures in Aerogel

This report discusses our results on the superfluidity of ³ He- ⁴ He mixtures in a 98% porosity silica aerogel. We have used low frequency sound to probe helium mixtures confined to aerogel, and have observed both the slow mode of superfluid ³ He in aerogel, which is manifested only below T_c, and an additional sound mode present only in the mixture. We attribute this novel sound mode to the slow-mode in the ⁴ He rich phase of the dilute ³ He- ⁴ He mixture. This mode exhibits positive frequency shifts below T_c in aerogel, while above T_c the mode is observed at a temperature independent frequency until close to T where it shifts to zero frequency.     

Advanced “Confident Judgments” Method when Choosing Multicriteria Solutions in a Multipurpose Approach

Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International - The article considers the problem of making multicriteria decisions in which the decision maker (DM) has the opportunity to indicate the...     

The collective excitations in3He-A1

The collective mode spectrum of the superfluid A₁-phase of³He is calculated by a path integration technique. It is shown that there is one pairbreaking mode E(k=0)₀ (1, 96-i0, 31) and two clapping modes E(k=0)₀(1, 17-i0, 13), eight modes E=2µH and one goldstone mode E=0. Six other modes have an imaginary spectrum. This fact is connected with the instability of the A₁-phase under small perturbations.     

Simple explanation of the linget al. experiment on the clapping mode frequency

Recent precise measurements of the clapping (cl) mode frequency in He³-A (Refs. 1 and 2) show a discrepancy with an ordinary kinetic-equation theory³: a 6% difference between experimental data and theory remains even after taking the higher pairing and Fermi-liquid corrections into account. The Brusov-Popov path-integration theory⁴ is in much better agreement with the data of Refs. 1 and 2. The difference is less than 2% even without taking the above-mentioned corrections into account.     

The model ofd-pairing in CuO2 planes of HTSC and the collective modes

We develop here for the first time a 2D path integral model of d-pairing in HTSC, which is analogous to the 3D model created earlier by Brusov and Brusova. Within this model we calculate the entire collective mode spectrum for all superconductive states of CuO₂ planes arisen from their symmetry classification. There are four collective modes in each phase. We found two high frequency modes in each phase while two remains modes seem to be Goldstone or quasi-Goldstone ones (having vanishing energy at zero momentum). It turns out that the collective mode spectrum in the phases and is the same.     

The influence of superflow on collective excitations in3He-B

The influence of superflow on the order parameter collective modes in³He-B is investigated for temperatures 0T/T _c 0.5 by the continual integral method. The superflow induces a gap distortion, which splits the pair-breaking, squashing, and real squashing modes at zero momentumk. Furthermore, a crossing of the real squashing mode branches with different|J _z | occurs at nonzerok. In addition, the superflow makes it possible to observe the pair-breaking modes and causes a hydrodynamic shift of longitudinal NMR frequency.